Elit Hentbolcularda Üst Ekstremite Nöromuskuler Kontrol ve Kavrama Kuvveti ile Atış İsabeti Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Baş üstü atışın yaygın olarak kullanıldığı hentbol gibi branşlarda sporcular atışın gerekliliklerini yerine getirebilmek için fiziksel olarak yeterli olmalıdır. Bu yeterlilikler nöromusküler kontrol, kas kuvveti, güç, esneklik, denge, çeviklik gibi parametreleri içermektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmanın amacı; elit hentbolcularda üst ekstremite nöromuskuler kontrol ve kavrama kuvveti ile atış isabeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 20.23±2.47 yıl, vücut ağırlık ortalaması 72.34±8.01 kg., boy uzunluğu ortalaması 180.5±5.90cm., spor yaşı ortalaması 8.65±2.92 yıl ve BKİ ortalaması 22.1±2.13 kg/m-2 olan 26 elit erkek hentbolcu katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu,” “Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Üst Ekstremite Stabilite Testi Test (KKZÜEST),” “Atış İsabeti Testi” ve “Kavrama Kuvveti Testi” kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri SPSS paket programında tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden Pearson Korelasyon Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Tüm analizlerde p<.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre; hentbolda el kavrama kuvveti, üst ekstremite nöromusküler kontrol ve kuvveti ile atış isabeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilemedi. Doninat el kuvveti ile nondominat el kuvveti arasında yüksek pozitif ilişki saptandı. Sonuç olarak; atış performansının sadece kuvvet ile ilgili olmadığı oyuncuların teknik yetenekleri ile de yakından ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Atış isabeti, Hentbol, Kavrama kuvveti, Kapalı kinetik zincir

Investigation of the Relationship Between Upper Extremity Neuromuscular Control and Grip Strength with Shooting Accuracy in Elite Handball Players

In sports such as handball, where the overhead throw is commonly used, athletes must be physically fit to fulfill the requirements of the throw. This fitness includes neuromuscular control, muscle strength, power, flexibility, balance, and agility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between upper extremity neuromuscular control and grip strength with shooting accuracy in elite handball players. The study was conducted with the participation of 26 male handball players with an average age of 20.23 ± 2.47 years, average body weight of 72.34 ± 8.01 kg, average height of 180.5 ± 5.90 cm, average playing experience of 8.65 ± 2.92 years, and average BMI of 22.1 ± 2.13 kg/m-2. Data collection tools contained a “Personal Information Form,” a “Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST),” a “Shooting Accuracy Test,” and a “Grip Strength Test.” Pearson Correlation Test analyzed the study data from descriptive statistics in the SPSS package program. In all analyses, p<.05 was considered statistically significant. According to the study’s results, no significant correlation was found between hand grip strength, upper extremity neuromuscular control, and strength with shooting accuracy in handball. A high positive correlation was found between dominant hand strength and non-dominant hand strength. As a result, it was determined that shooting performance is not only related to strength but also closely related to the player's technical skills.

Keywords:

Shooting accuracy, Handball, Grip Strength, Closed kinetic chain,

PDF

___

Alp, M., Kılınç, F., & Suna, G. (2015). Investigation the training’s effects applied to handball players in preparation season on some anthropometric and biomotorıc features. Academic Journal of Sports Health and Medical Sciences, 17(2), 24-33.
Baláš, J., Pecha, O., Martin, A.J., & Cochrane, D. (2012). Hand-arm strength and endurance as predictors of climbing performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2010.546431
Bassey, E. J., & Harries, U. J. (1993). Normal values for handgrip strength in 920 men and women aged over 65 years, and longitudinal changes over 4 years in 620 survivors. Clinical Science, 84(3), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0840331
Bilgiç, M., Biçer, M., & Özdal, M. (2016). Investigation of relation 2D:4D finger ratio and sportive performance of 11-13 aged children participated in different sports. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 1(1), 48-56.
Borms, D., & Cools, A. (2018). Upper-extremity functional performance tests: Reference values for overhead athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(06), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0573-1388
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., & Köklü, N. (2016). Statistics for the social sciences (18st Edition). Pegem Academy.
Cardoso-Marques, M.A., & González-Badillo, J.J. (2006). In-Season resistance training and detraining in professional team handball players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 563-571.
Çelikbilek, S., Polat Y., Çınar, V., & Şahin, M. (2011). Evaluation of contest analyses of the first league of Turkish male handball teams. Istanbul University Journal of Sports Science, 3(1), 114-118.
Çetin, E., & Balcı, N. (2015). The effects of isokinetic performance on accurate throwing in team handball. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1872–1877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.850
Cetin, E., & Özdol, Y. (2012). Jump shot performance and strength training in young team handball players. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3187-3190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.034
Chelly, M.S., Ghenem, M.A., Abid, K., Hermassi, S., Tabka, Z,. & Shephard, R.J. (2010). Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2670–2676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f
Chittibabu, B. (2014). Relationship of selected physical fitness components on shooting accuracy of women handball players. International Journal for Life Sciences and Educational Research, 2(2), 49-51.
Demirdizen Taşkiran, A. (2012). The correlation between physical and physiological fitness, and throwing velocity and accuracy among elite female handball players, Doctoral Thesis, Health Sciences Institute, University of Kocaeli, Koceli.
Develik, B. (2022). The investigation of stabilization and stabilization related parameters in archers on shooting performance according to cervical, lumbar and scapular level, Master Thesis, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sports Physiotherapy Programme, Ankara.
Ellenbecker, T.S., Manske, R., & Davies, G. J. (2000). Closed kinetic chain testing techniques of the upper extremities. Orthopedic Physical Therapy Clinics of North America, 9(2), 219-230.
Emre, M. (2022). Comparison of speed, agility and technical skills of local and foreign players playing in the handball super league. Master Thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences Department of Physical Education and Sports Physical Education and Sports Program, Konya.
Emre, M., Uzun, A., & Erkek, A. (2021). Comparison of speed, agility and technical skills of handball super league and 1st league players. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education, 3(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.1024683
Ersoy, A. (2016). The effect of strength training on 7m throws in handball, Master Thesis, Institute of Educational Sciences, Department of Physical and Sport Education, Sakarya.
Ferragut, C., Vila, H., Abraldes, J.A., Argudo, F., Rodriguez, N., & Alcaraz, P.E. (2011). Relationship among maximal grip, throwing velocity and anthropometric parameters in elite water polo players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 51(1), 26-32.
Fess, E.E., & Moran, C.A. (1981). Clinical assessment recommendations. American Society of Hand Therapists.
García, J.A., Sabido, R., Barbado, D., & Moreno, F.J. (2013). Analysis of the relation between throwing speed and throwing accuracy in team handball according to instruction. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(2), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2011.606835
Gąsior, J.S, Pawłowski, M., Williams, C.A., Dąbrowski, M.J., & Rameckers, E.A. (2018). Assessment of maximal isometric hand grip strength in school-aged children, Open Medicine, 13(1), 22-8. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2018-0004
Gencer, Y.G., Iğdır, E. C., Temur, H.B., Sarikaya, M., & Seyhan, S. (2019). Does hand grip strength affect shot hit rates? Electronic Turkish Studies, 14(1), 371-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.13432
Gündüz, N., Sevim, Y., & Eler, S. (2002). Hentbolde performans ve testler. Dinamik Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(4), 13-20.
Hermassi, S., Chelly, M. S., Tabka, Z., Shephard, R.J., & Chamari, K. (2011). Effects of 8-week in-season upper and lower limb heavy resistance training on the peak power, throwing velocity, and sprint performance of elite male handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2424–2433. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182030edb
İnal, H.S. (2013). Body biomechanics in sport and exercise (1st Edition). Hipokrat Bookshop.
İncel, N.A., Ceceli, E., Durukan, P.B., Erdem, H.R., & Yorgancioglu, Z.R. (2002). Grip strength: Effect of hand dominance. Singapore Medical Journal, 43(5), 234-237.
Karadenizli, A.İ., & Karacabey, K. (2002). Comparison of physical acceptable degrees between girl and boy players who play handball in school teams. Atatürk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 4(2), 17-22.
Karasar, N. (2011). Scientific research methods. Nobel Publications.
Kawamura, K., Shinya, M., Kobayashi, H., Obata, H., Kuwata, M., Hagio, K., & Nakazawa, K. (2016). Development of throwing accuracy in elementary school handball players. Paper presented at the ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.
Kinnunen, D.A., Colon G., Espinoza, D., Overby, L.Y., & Lewis, D.K. (2001). Anthropometric correlates of basketball free-throw shootings by young girls. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93(1), 105-108. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.93.1.105
Kovacs, P. (2011). Shots from 6 meters–fast break, pivot/wing shots and breakthrough shots. https://activitiesarchive.eurohandball.com/web-periodicals/page-17.
Lepley, L.K., Lepley, A.S., Onate, J.A., & Grooms, D.R. (2017). Eccentric exercise to enhance neuromuscular control. Sports Health, 9(4), 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738117710913
Loffing, F., & Hagemann, N. (2014). Skill differences in visual anticipation of type of throw in team-handball penalties. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(3), 260–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.01.006
Lon, M. (2014). Technical training methods for increasing the junior handball teams. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 2004–2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.511
Lust, K.R., Sandrey, M.A., Bulger, S.M., & Wilder, N. (2009). The effects of 6-week training programs on throwing accuracy, proprioception, and core endurance in baseball, Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 18(3), 407-426. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.18.3.407
Marques, M., Saavedra, F., Abrantes, C., & Aidar, F. (2011). Associations between rate of force development metrics and throwing velocity in elite team handball players: A Short research report. Journal of Human Kinetics, 29A, Issue Special, 53–57. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-011-0059-0
Müller, C., & Brandes, M. (2015). Effect of kinesiotape applications on ball velocity and accuracy in amateur soccer and handball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49(1), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0114
Neumann, D.A. (2002). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: Foundations for physical rehabilitation (1st Edition). Mosby Elsevier.
Özer-Kaya, D. (2017). Lower extremity rehabilitation: Neuromuscular training in athletes. Turkiye Klinikleri J. Physiother Rehabil-Special Topic, 3(2), 69-79.
Pekmez, G.S. (2019). The investigation of the relationship between the physical properties of the upper extremity, grip force, reaction time and wrist proprioception in handball players at the elite and substructure level. Master Thesis, Pamukkale University, Denizli.
Pilça, O. (2017). The effect of different types of training on the rate of shooting precision for male handballs between the ages of 19 and 24. Master Thesis, Dokuz Eylul University. Izmir.
Pilça, O., & Altun, M. (2019). Evaluation of the effects of 12-week handball technical and strength training on shooting and power performance. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 14(1), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.533581
Pizzigalli L., Cremasco, M.M., Torre, AL., Rainoldi, A., & Benis, R. (2016). Hand grip strength and anthropometric characteristics in italian female national basketball teams. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(5), 521-528. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06272-1
Rannou, F., Prioux J., Zouhal, H., & Gratas- Delamarche, P. (2001). Physiological profile of handball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(3), 349-353.
Silfies, S. P., Ebaugh, D., Pontillo, M., & Butowicz, C. M. (2015). Critical review of the impact of core stability on upper extremity athletic injury and performance. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 19(5), 360-368. https:/doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0108
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Education.
Taborsky, F. (2007). Playing performance in team handball (summary descriptive analysis). Res Yearbook, 13(1), 156-159.
Tucci, H.T., Martins, J., Sposito, G.D.C., Camarini, P.M.F., & De Oliveira, A.S. (2014). Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUES test): A reliability study in persons with and without shoulder impingement syndrome. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-1
Ürer, S., & Kılınç, F. (2014). Investıgate the effect of applied plyometric training for upper and lower extremities on the vertical jump performance and ratio of shoot accuracy over the block of aged 15-17 male handball players. Inonu University, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 1(2), 16-38.
Ustasaraç-Camcıoğlu, N. (2018). The Effects of stabilization exercises on performance in amputee football players. Master Thesis, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep.
Visnapuu, M., & Jürimäe, T. (2007). Handgrip strength and hand dimensions in young handball and basketball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(3), 923-929. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2007)21[923:HSAHDI]2.0.CO;2 Wit, A., & Eliasz, J. (1998). A three-dimensional kinematic analysis of handball throws. Riehle, H. J., & Vieten M. M. (Eds). 16 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sport. In ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive. Konstanz: Germany.
Wu, G., Van der Helm, F.C., Veeger, H.D., Makhsous, M., Van Roy, P., Anglin, C., & Buchholz, B. (2005). ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion-Part II: Shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(5), 981-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042
Yıldırım, İ., Baş, O., Kabadayı, M., Taşmektepligil, M.Y., Ocak, Y., & Karagöz, Ş. (2010). Examination of the correlation of hand grip strength with upper extremity physical characteristics in the male players of handball super league. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 1(1), 9-15.