The possible use of both ecological theory of criminology and bronfenbrenner's ecological theory for understanding crime

Sosyal düzensizlik teorisi sosyal çevrenin sapma davranışları ve suça etkisine odaklanması açısından önemli bir teoridir. Ne varki çocuk suçluluğu açısından çocukların hayatlarında önemli unsurlar olan çocuk gelişimi ve ebeveynliğin suç üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde durmamaktadır. Bundan dolayı teori, kriminolojide ekolojik teori adı altında geliştirilmiş ve çocuk gelişimi ve ebeveynliğin suç üzerindeki etkilerini gözönünde bulundurmuştur. Bronfenbrennerin ekolojik teorisi ise insan gelişimini çevresel ve kişisel faktörler ile değerlendirmekte ve insanları sosyal bir varlık ve canlı bir organizma olarak değerlendirmektedir. Bundan dolayı bu makalenin amacı Bronfenbrennerin ekolojik teorisinin kriminolojide bulunan ekolojik teoriyle birlikte düşünüp bu iki teorinin suçu anlamamızda nasıl katkılarının olacağını her iki teorinin benzerlikleri ve farklılıklarını ortaya koyarak anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Suçu anlamada kriminolojik ekolojik teorinin bronfenbrenner in ekolojik teorisi ile birlikte olası kullanımı

Social disorganization theory is considered as one of the most important theories in criminology in terms of its focus on the affect of social environment on delinquency or crime. However, it ignores the impact of child development and family management on juvenile delinquency which are crucial on juveniles life trajectories. Hence, extended version of the social disorganization theory (ecological theory in criminology) considered mediating effects of child development and family management. Bronfenbrenner s Ecological theory also seeks to explain human development by emphasizing environmental along with individualistic factors because human ecology theory perceives humans as both biological organism and social beings who have interaction with their environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the ways that Bronfenbrenner s ecological theory increase our capacity to understand or do research on delinquency or crime by comparing similarities and differences with ecological theory in criminology.

PDF

___

Anderson, A.L. (2002). Individual and contextual influences on delinquency: The role of the single-parent family. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 575-587.
Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Klebanov,, P.K. & Sealand, N. (1993). Do neighborhoods influence child and adolescent development? The American Journal of Sociology, 99(2), 353-395.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 513-531.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723-742.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1988). Interacting systems in human development: Research paradigms present and future. In: Bolger N, Caspi A, Downey G & Moorehouse M (eds) Persons in context: Developmental processes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 25- 49.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989). Ecological systems theory. In: R. Vasta (ed.) Annals of child development-Six theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues. Greenwich, Conn: JAI, 1-103.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. In: Vasta R (ed) Six theories of child development. Revised formulations and current issues. London: Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
Bronfenbrenner, U. & Crouter, A.C. (1983). The evaluation of environmental models in developmental research. In: Mussen PH (ed) Handbook of child psychology: Vol.1.History, theory, and methods. New York: Wiley, 357-414.
Bronfenbrenner, U., Moen, P. & Garbarino, J. (1984). Child, family, and community. In: Parke R (ed) Review of child development research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 283-328.
Byrne, J.M. & Sampson, R.J. (1986). Key issues in the social ecology of crime. In: Byrne JM and Sampson R.J. (eds) Neighborhoods and crime. New York, NY: Lexington Books.
Bubolz, M. & Sontag, M. (1993). Human ecology theory. In: Boss P, Doherty W, LaRossa R, Schumm, W.& Steinmetz, S. (eds) Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach. NY: Plenum Press, 419-448.
Bursik, R.J. (1988). Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and prospects. Criminology, 26: 519-551.
Bursik, R.J. & Grasmick, H.G. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime. New York, NY: Lexington Books.
Ceballo, R., Dahl, T.A., Aretakis, M.T. & Ramirez, C. (2001). Inner city childrens exposure to community violence: How much do parents know? Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4): 927-940.
Crane, J. (1991). The epidemic theory of ghettos and neighborhood effects on dropping out and childbearing. The American Journal of Sociology, 96(5), 1226-1259.
Elliott, D.S., Wilson, W.J., Huizinga, D., Sampson, R.J., Elliott, A. & Rankin, B. (1996). The effects of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent development. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33(4), 389-426.
Garbarino, J. (1992). Children and families in the social environment. New York: Aldine de Gruyter Publishing Company.
Gorman-Smith, D., Tolan, P.H. & Henry, D.B. (2000). A developmental-ecological model of the relation of family functioning to patterns of delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16(2), 169-198.
Gottfredson, S.D., & Taylor, R.B. (1986). Person-environment interactions in the prediction of recidivism. In: Byrne J.M & Sampson R.J (eds) The social ecology of crime. New York: Springer-Verlag, 133-155.
Hay, C., Fortson, E.N., Hollist, D.R., Altheimer, I. & Schaible, L.M. (2006). The impact of community disadvantage on the relationship between the family and juvenile crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43(4), 326-356.
Jones, N. (2010). Between good and ghetto: African American girls and inner-city violence. New York: Rutgers University Press.
Konester, C. & Haynie, D.L. (2005). Community context, social integration into family, and youth violence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(3), 767-780.
Kroneman, L., Loeber, R. & Hipwell, A.E. (2004). Is neighborhood context differently related to externalizing problems and delinquency for girls compared with boys? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7(2), 109-122.
Kubrin, C.E. & Stewart, E.A. (2006). Predicting who reoffends: The neglected role of neighborhood context in recidivism studies. Criminology, 44(1), 165-197.
Martens, P.L. (1993). An ecological model of socialization in explaining offending. In: Farrington, DP, Sampson, RJ & Wikstrom, PO (eds) Integrating individual and ecological aspects of crime. Stockholm: Allmanna Forlaget, 109-151.
Morenoff, J.D., Sampson, R.J. & Raudenbush, S.W. (2001). Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of urban violence. Criminology, 39(3), 517-560.
Perkins, D.F., Luster, T., Villarruel, F.A. & Small, S. (1998). An ecological, risk factor examination of adolescents sexual activity in three ethnic groups. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60(3), 660-673.
Sampson, R.J. (1993). Family and community-level influences on crime: A contextual theory and strategies for research testing. In: Farrington, DP, Sampson RJ, Wikstrom PH (eds) Integrating individual and ecological aspects of crime. Stockholm, Sweden: National Council for Crime Prevention, 426-444.
Sampson, R.J. & Lauritsen, J.L. (1994). Violent victimization and offending: Individual, situational, and community level risk factors. In: Reiss, AJ & Roth, JA (eds) Understanding and Preventing Violence (Vol: 3). Washington: National Academy Press, 1- 114.
Sampson, R.J. & Groves, W.B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory. American journal of Sociology, 94, 774-802.
Simcha-Fagan, O. & Schwartz, J.E. (1986). Neighborhood and delinquency: An assessment of contextual effects. Criminology, 24(4), 667-703.
Small, S.A. & Luster, T. (1994). Adolescent sexual activity: An ecological risk- factor approach. Journal of Marriage and Family, 56(1), 181-192.
Tolan, P.H., Gorman-Smith. D. & Henry, D.B. (2003). The developmental ecology of urban males youth violence. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 274-291.