ÖZDEN ÖZBAY

339

The Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency: School, Family, District and Substance Use (Case of Ankara)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, aile, okul, semt, ve madde kullanımı ile genel adolesan sapması, yaralama, okul ve kamuyu rahatsız edici sapma davranışları arasındaki ilişkilerin Ankara'nın merkezinde yer alan 1,710 lise öğrencisi örneğinde incelemektir. Bulgular, olumlu öğretmen değerlendirmesi, okulda cezalandırılma, sapmış/suçlu aile,semtte sık sık suç olaylarının olması, alkol ve sigara kullanımı gibi bağımsız değişkenlerin istatistiksel olarak oldukça önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Okulda ceza almak, sapmış/suçlu aileye sahip olmak, oturulan semtte suç olaylarının sık olması, alkol kullanımı bağımlı değişkenlerle pozitif olarak ilişkili iken, öğretmenin olumlu değerlendirilmesi ve sigara içilmemesi ise negatif olarak ilişkilidir. Bağımsız değişkenler tek tek değilde, aile, okul, semt ve madde kullanımı şeklinde blok veya grup olarak ele alındığında, öğrencilerin madde kullanımı (sigara ve alkol) ve okulla ilişkili faktörler, aile ve semt ile kıyaslandığında, daha fazla adolesan sapmasını açıklayıcı güce sahiptirler.

Adolesan Suçlarına Yol Açan Faktörler: Okul, Aile, Semt ve Madde Kullanımı (Ankara Örneği)

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between family, school, district, and substance use and such self-reported delinquent behaviors as total delinquency, assault, school delinquency, and public disturbance by using a sample of 1,710 high school students residing in the central parts of Ankara. Findings indicate that the favourable evaluation of teachers, punishment administered at schools, deviant/criminal parents, frequent occurrence of criminal acts in districts, alcohol use, and the choice to not smoke cigarettes are statistically highly significant and consistent variables. Whereas punishment administered at schools, deviant/criminal parents, frequent occurrence of criminal acts in districts, and alcohol use are associated positively with the delinquent acts, favourable evaluation of teachers and not smoking cigarettes are negatively related. When the independent variables were analyzed as block or group (e.g., family, school, district, and substance use), students' substance use (e.g., smoking and alcohol use) and school-related factors have more explanatory power than family- and district-related factors.

___

  • AGNEW, Robert (2001) "Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, pp. 319-361.
  • AGNEW, Robert (2004) Juvenile Delinquency: Causes and Control, Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.
  • AKERS, R. L. (1991) Self-Control as a General Theory of Crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 7, pp. 201-211.
  • AKERS, L. Ronald and Gang LEE (1996) "A Longitudinal Test of Social Learning Theory: Adolescent Smoking", Journal of Drug Issues, 26, pp. 317-343.
  • ANDERSON, L. Amy (2002) "Individual and Contextual Influences on Delinquency: the Role of the Single-Parent Family", Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, pp. 575-587.
  • BAIER, J. Colin and Bradley R. E. WRIGHT (2001) "If You Love Me, Keep My Commandments: A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Religion on Crime", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, pp. 3-21.
  • BARNES, M. Grace, John W. WELTE, Joseph H. HOFFMAN (2002) "Relationship of Alcohol Use to Delinquency and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: Gender, Age, and Racial/Ethnic Differences", The Journal of Drug Issues, 32, pp. 153-178.
  • BEEGHLEY, Leonard, Wilbur E. BOCK, and John K. COCHRAN (1990) "Religious Change and Alcohol Use: An Application of Reference Group and Socialization Theory" Sociological Forum, 5, pp. 261-278.
  • BELLAIR, E. Paul (1997) "Social Interaction and Community Crime: Examining the Importance of Neighbor Networks", Criminology, 35, pp. 677-703.
  • BENDA, B. Brent and Nancy J. TOOMBS (2000) "Religiosity and Violence: Are They Related after Considering the Strongest Predictors?", Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, pp. 483-496.
  • BREZINA, Timothy (1998) "Adolescent Maltreatment and Delinquency: The Question of Intervening Processes", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35, pp. 71-99.
  • COCHRAN, K. John, Leonard BEEGHLEY, and Wilbur E. BOCK (1988) "Religiosity and Alcohol Behavior: An Exploration of Reference Group Theory", Sociological Forum 3, pp. 256-276.
  • DATESMAN, K. Susan and Frank R. SCARPITTI (1975) "Female Delinquency and Broken Homes: A Re-Assessment", Criminology, 13, pp.33-55.
  • DEMUTH, Stephen and Susan L. BROWN (2004) "Family Structure, Family Processes, and Adolescent Delinquency: the Significance of Parental Absence versus Parental Gender", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41, pp. 58-81.
  • DEVLET İSTATİSTİKLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ (D.İ.E.) (1999) Güvenlik Birimine Gelen/Getirilen Çocuk İstatistikleri (Seçilmiş 27 İl): 1998, Ankara: D.İ.E.
  • DEVLET İSTATİSTİKLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ (1974) Kadın ve Çocuk Hükümlüler: Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Psiko-Sosyal Nitelik ve Hükümlülük Nedenleri Araştırması: 1972, Ankara: D.İ.E.
  • DONMEZER, Sulhi (1943) "Garp Memleketlerinde ve Memleketimizde Çocuk Suçluluğunun Umumi inkişafları", İş Mecmuası Çocuk Sayısı, 34, pp. 96-126.
  • DONMEZER, Sulhi (1983) "Turkey", in, Elmer H. Johnson (ed.), International Handbook of Contemporary Developments in Criminology: Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, pp. 591-606.
  • ENNETT, T. Susan, Robert L. FLEWELLING, Richard C. LINDROOTH, and Edward C. NORTON (1997) "School and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with School Rates of Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, pp.55-71.
  • ERGÜDER, Üstün, Y. ESMER ve E. KALAYCIOĞLU (1991) Türk Toplumunun Değerleri, İstanbul: Tüsiad.
  • ESMER, Yılmaz (1999) Devrim, Evrim, Statüko: Türkiye'de Sosyal, Siyasal, Ekonomik Değereler, İstanbul: Tesev.
  • FAGAN, Jeffrey (1990) "Intoxication and Aggression", in, Michael Tonry and James Q. Wilson (eds), Drugs and Crime, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 241-320.
  • FERGUSSON, M. David and John L. HORWOOD (2000) "Alcohol Abuse and Crime: A Fixed-Effects Regression Analysis", Addiction, 95, pp. 1525-1536.
  • FARRINGTON, P. David (1996) "The Explanation and Prevention of Youthful Offending", in, J. David Hawkins (ed), Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 68-148.
  • GOTTFREDSON, R. M. and T. HIRSCHI (1990) A General Theory of Crime, Stanford, C.A.: Stanford University Press.
  • GÖLCÜKLÜ, Feyyaz. (1962) Türkiye'de Çocuk Suçluluğu Hakkında Bir Araştırma, Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
  • Green, P. (2000) "Criminal Justice and Democracy in Turkey: The Paradox of Transition", in, P. Green and A. Rutherford (eds), Criminal Policy in Transition, Oxford: Hart Publishing.
  • GÜNEŞ-AYATA, Ayşe (1991) "Gecekondularda Kimlik Sorunu, Dayanışma Örüntüleri ve Hemşehrilik" Toplum ve Bilim, 51/52, pp. 89-101.
  • HAMILTON, E. Catherine, Louise FALSHAW, and Kevin D. BROWNE (2002) "The Link Between Recurrent Maltreatment and Offending Behavior", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comporative Criminology, 46, pp. 75-94.
  • HANCI, İ. Hamit ve Beyhan EGE (1993) "İzmir'de Suç İşleyen Çocukların Sosyolojik Özellikleri", Adli Tıp Dergisi, 9, pp. 3-9.
  • HAWKINS, J. David, Todd HERRENKOHL, David P. FARRINGTON, Devon BREWER, Richard F. CATALANO, and Tracy W. HARACHI (1998) "A Review of Predictors of Youth Violence", in, Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington (eds), Serious & Violent Juvenile Offenders, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 106-146.
  • HECK, Cary and Anthony WALSH (2000) "The Effects of Maltreatment and Family Structure on Minor and Serious Delinquency", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comporative Criminology, 44, pp. 178-193.
  • HENNESSY, Micahel, Pamela J. RICHARDSR, and Richard A. BERK (1978) "Broken Homes and Middle Class Delinquency", Criminology, 15, pp. 505-527.
  • Hirschi, Travis (1969) Causes of Delinquency, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • HUANG, Bu, Helene R. WHITE, Rick KOSTERMAN, Richard F. CATALANO, J. David HAWKINS (2001) "Developmental Associations Between Alcohol and Interpersonal Aggression During Adolescence", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, pp. 64-83.
  • IRELAND, O. Timothy, Carolyn A. SMITH, and Terence P. THORNBERRY (2002) "Development Issues in the Impact of Child Maltreatment on Later Delinquency and Drug Use", Criminology, 40, pp. 359-395.
  • ISTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK KRİMİNOLOJİ ENSTİTÜSÜ (1953) 974 Suçlu Çocuk Hakkında Kriminolojik Anket, İstanbul: Hüsnütabiat Basımevi.
  • JENSEN, F. Gary and Dean G. ROJEK (1998) Delinquency and Youth Crime, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.
  • JOHNSON, E. Richard (1986) "Family Structure and Delinquency: General Patterns and Gender Differences" ,Criminology, 24, pp. 65-84.
  • JUBY, Heather and David P. FARRINGTON (2001) "Disentangling the Link Between Disrupted Families and Delinquency" British Journal of Criminology, 41, pp. 22-40.
  • JUNGER, Marianne, Wolfgang STROEBE, and Andre M. van der LAAN (2001) "Delinquency, Health Behavior and Health", British Journal of Health Psychology, 6, pp. 103-120.
  • KEMPF, L. Kimberly (1993) "The Empirical Status of Hirschi's Control Theory", in, Freda Adler and William S. Laufer (eds), New Directions in Criminological Theory, Vol.4, New Brunswick, N.J.:Transaction Publishers, pp.143-185.
  • LANZA-KADUCE, Lonn, Donna M. BISHOP, and Lawrence WINNER (1997) "Risk/Benefit Calculations, Moral Evaluations, and Alcohol Use: Exploring the Alcohol-Crime Connection", Crime and Delinquency, 43, pp. 222-239.
  • McGAHA, E. Johnny and Edward L. LEONI (1995) "Family Violence, Abuse, and Related Family Issues of Incarcerated Delinquents with Alcoholic Parents Compared to Those with Nonalcoholic Parents", Adolescence, 30, pp. 473-482.
  • OFFORD, R. D., Mary F. POUSHINSKY, and Kathryn SULLIVAN (1978) "School Performance, IQ and Delinquency", British Journal of Criminology, 18, pp. 110-127.
  • ÖZBAY, Ö. (2003) "Merton's Strain Theory: Evidence from the High School in Ankara", Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27, pp. 59-76 (also available at www.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/edergi).
  • OZTURK, Fatoş (1997) "Suç İsnadı İle Güvenlik Birimlerine Gelen Çocuk ve Gençlerle İlgili İstatistik Sonuçları", İç. Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Küçükleri Koruma Hizmetleri Yönetici Semineri Notları, Ankara: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Asayiş Daire Başkanlığı, 152-237.
  • PAETSCH, J. Joanne and Lorne D. BERTRAND (1997) "The Relationship between Peer, Social, and School Factors, and Delinquency among Youth", Journal of School Health, 67, pp. 27-32.
  • PARKER, N. Robert and Kathleen AUERHAHN (1998) "Alcohol, Drugs, and Violence" Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 291-311.
  • PHILLIPS, C. John and Delos H. KELLY (1979) "School Failure and Delinquency: Which causes which?", Criminology, 17, pp. 194-207.
  • RANKIN, H. Joseph and Edward L. WELLS (1994) "Social Control, Family Structure, and Delinquency", in, Gregg Barak (ed), Varieties of Criminology,. Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 97-116.
  • REBELLON, J. Cesar (2002) "Reconsidering the Broken Homes/Delinquency Relationship and Exploring its Mediating Mechanism(s)", Criminology, 40, pp. 103-133.
  • RHODES, A. Lewis and Albert J. Jr. REISS (1969) "Apathy, Truancy and Delinquency as Adaptations to School Failure", Social Forces, 48, pp. 12-22.
  • ROSEN, Lawrence (1985) "Family and Delinquency: Structure or Function?", Criminology, 23, pp. 553-573.
  • ROWE, C. David and David P. FARRINGTON (1997) "The Familial Transmission of Criminal Convictions", Criminology, 35, pp. 177-201.
  • SAMPSON, J. Robert and Byron W. GROVES (1989) "Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory", American Journal of Sociology 4, pp. 774-802.
  • SAMPSON, J. Robert and John H. LAUB (1993) Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • SIMCHA-FAGAN, Ora and Joseph E. SCHWARTZ (1986) "Neighborhood and Delinquency: An Assessment of Contextual Effects", Criminology, 24, pp. 667-669.
  • SIMONS, L. Ronald, Chyi-In WU, Kuei-Hsiu LIN, Leslie GORDON, and Rand D. CONGER (2000) "A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Link between Corporal Punishment and Adolescent Antisocial Behavior", Criminology, 38, pp. 47-79.
  • SUTHERLAND, H. Edwin and Donald R. CRESSEY (1966) Criminology, New York, NY: J.B. Lippincott Company.
  • SÜMER, H. Zeynep and Gül AYDIN (2000) "Incidence of Violence in Turkish Schools: A Review", International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 21, pp. 335-347.
  • TAŞKIRAN, Tezer and Samet AĞAOĞLU (1943) Suçlu Çocuklarımız: Ankara Çocuk İslah Evinde Bir Araştırma, Ankara: Titaş Basımevi.
  • TITTLE, R. Charles and Michael R. WELCH (1983) "Religiosity and Deviance: Toward a Contingency Theory of Constraining Effects", Social Forces, 61, pp. 653-682.
  • TITTLE, R. Charles and Raymond PATERNOSTER (1988) "Geographic Mobility and Criminal Behavior", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 25, pp. 301-343.
  • ULUĞTEKİN, Sevda (1991) Hükümlü Çocuk ve Yeniden Toplumsallaşma, Ankara: Bizim Büro.
  • TYGART, C. E. (1991) "Juvenile Delinquency and Number of Children in a Family: Some Empirical and Theoretical Updates", Youth & Society, 22, pp. 525-536.
  • WELCH, R. Michael, Charles R. TITTLE (1991) "Religion and Deviance among Adult Catholics: A Test of the 'Moral Communities' Hypothesis", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30, pp. 159-172.
  • WELLS, L. Edward and Joseph H. RANKIN (1991) "Families and Delinquency: A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Broken Homes", Social Problems, 38, pp. 71-93.
  • WELSH, N. Wayne, Jack R. GREENE, Patricia H. JENKINS (1999) "School Disorder: The Influence of Individual, Institutional, and Community Factors", Criminology, 37, pp. 73-115.
  • WELTE, W. John, Lening ZHANG, and William F. WIECZOREK (2001) "The Effects of Substance Use on Specific Types of Criminal Offending in Young Men", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, pp. 416-438.
  • WHITE, R. Helene, Peter C. TICE, Rolf LOEBER, and Magda STOUTHAMER-LOEBER (2002) "Illegal Acts Committed by Adolescents under the Influence of Alcohol and Drugs", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39, pp. 13 1-152.
  • WHITE, R. Helene, Stephen HANSELL, and John BRICK (1993) "Alcohol Use and Aggression among Youth", Alcohol Health & Research World, 17, pp. 144-150.
  • YAVUZER, Haluk (1981) Psiko-Sosyal Açıdan Çocuk Suçluluğu, Istanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • ZHANG, Lening and Steven F. MESSNER (1995) "Family Deviance and Delinquency in China", Criminology, 33, pp. 359-387.
  • ZHANG, Lening, William F. WIECZOREK, and John W. WELTE (1997) "The Impact of Age of Onset of Substance Use on Delinquency", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34, pp. 253-268.
  • ZINGRAFF, T. Matthew, Jeffrey LEITER, Matthew C. JOHNSEN, Kristen A. MYERS (1994) "The Mediating Effect of Good School Performance on the Maltreatment-Delinquency Relationship", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 31, pp. 62-91.
Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2148-9947
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2010
  • Yayıncı: Sosyoloji Derneği
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Kayıt Dışı Ekonomide Gündelikçilik

Mustafa Kemal COŞKUN, Bayram ÜNAL

Göç ve Yoksulluğun Patolojisi: Siyasal Şiddetten Sosyal Şiddete

ZAHİR KIZMAZ

The Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency: School, Family, District and Substance Use (Case of Ankara)

ÖZDEN ÖZBAY

Educational Basaes of Turkish Democracy: Educational Backgraunds of Turkish Elites

Ali ARSLAN

Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin Etnik Yapısı Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Rüstem ERKAN