KİMLİK TARTIŞMALARINDA ÖZCÜLÜĞÜN VE İNŞACILIĞIN RİSKLERİNİ AŞMAK İÇİN BİR ÖNERİ: KESİŞİMSELLİK PERSPEKTİFİ

Kimlik literatüründe önemli bir yer edinmiş temel tartışma konularından birisi, kimliği öze bağlayan, doğal ve verili kabul eden görüş ile inşa edilen, değişken, akışkan olarak kabul eden görüş arasında sürdürülen tartışmalardır. Özcü görüş, kimliği ve kimlik kategorilerini katı, sabit ve farklılaşmayan unsurlar olarak değerlendirme riski taşırken alt kategorilerin farklılaşan deneyimlerini kaçırmaktadır. İnşacı görüş ise, mikro düzeyde yaşanan değişimlerin kimliğin oluşumu/değişimi üzerindeki etkiye yaptığı vurguyla yapıların etkisini kaçırma ve grup ile kolektif kimlikleri anlamaya yarayacak araçların ortaya konmasını engelleme riski taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kimlik literatüründe özcü ve inşacı perspektiflerin taşıdığı riskleri aşmak için, son otuz yılda literatürde önemli bir yer edinen kesişimsellik perspektifinin sunduğu imkanlar tartışmaya açılacaktır. Kesişimsellik perspektifi çoklu kimlikleri dikkate alan bir perspektif olduğu gibi, bağlama, güç ilişkilerine, eşitsizliklere, konumsallıklara, analiz ve praksise odaklanan bir yaklaşım olması sebebiyle kimlikleri, toplumsal hayatın ve ilişkilerin karmaşıklığı içinden okuma ve anlama imkânı sunmakta, eşitsizliklere karşın sosyal adaletle bağ kurmanın ve harekete geçmenin altını çizmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kimlik, kesişimsellik perspektifi, özcülük, inşacılık, sosyal eşitsizlik

A SUGGESTION TO OVERCOME THE RISKS OF ESSENTIALITY AND CONSTRUCTIONALITY IN IDENTITY DISCUSSIONS: THE INTERSECTIONALITY PERSPECTIVE

One of the main discussion topics that has gained an important place in the identity literature is the debate between the view that connects identity to the essence, accepting it as natural and given, and the constructed, variable and fluid view. While the essentialist approach risks treating identity and identity categories as solid, fixed and undifferentiated elements, it misses the differentiated experiences of subcategories. The constructivist approach, on the other hand, carries the risk of missing the impact of structures and preventing the creation of tools that will help to understand group and collective identities, with its emphasis on the impact of micro-level changes on the formation/change of identity. In this study, the possibilities offered by the intersectionality perspective, which has gained an important place in the literature in the last thirty years, will be discussed in order to overcome the risks of essentialist and constructivist approaches in identity literature. The intersectionality perspective is a perspective that takes into account multiple identities, as well as being an approach that focuses on context, power relations, inequalities, positionalities, analysis and praxis. It offers the opportunity to read and understand identities through the complexity of social life and relations. Additionally, it underlines connecting with social justice and taking action against inequalities.

Keywords:

Identity, intersectionality perspective, essentialism, constructivism,

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