KESİN DÖNÜŞ MÜ, YOKSA TEKRAR GÖÇ ETME HAZIRLIĞI MI? NİTELİKLİ TÜRK GÖÇMENLERİN ALMANYA VE AMERİKA’DAN GERİYE GÖÇÜ

Türkiye’den Almanya’ya gerçekleşen göç, büyük oranda göçmen işçilerin deneyimlerine odaklanılarak araştırılmıştır. Diğer taraftan, Amerika’ya gerçekleşen Türk göçüyle ilgili kısıtlı literatürde ise nitelikli göçmenler ve beyin göçü temel tartışma başlıklarını oluşturmuştur. Her iki ülkeden geriye göç üzerine ise çok sınırlı sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu makale, Almanya ve Amerika’dan geriye göç eden nitelikli göçmenlerle yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiş 80 görüşmenin verilerinin analizine dayanmaktadır. Bu iki ülkeden geriye dönen nitelikli göçmenlerin hangi sebeplerle Türkiye’ye döndükleri, döndükten sonra hangi şekillerde ve ne ölçüde Türkiye bağlamına tekrar adapte oldukları, döndükten sonra Almanya’yla/Amerika’yla ne ölçüde ve hangi tür bağlantılarını devam ettirdikleri, Türkiye’ye dönüşlerini kalıcı bir dönüş olarak mı düşündükleri, tekrar göç etme isteklerinin olup olmadığı bu makalenin temel sorularını oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, tüm bu boyutlar açısından (geri dönme sebepleri, tekrar adaptasyon, Almanya/Amerika’yla bağlantılar, tekrar göç etme isteği) bu iki ülkeden dönenlerin bir karşılaştırması yapılmaktadır. Böylece hem Amerika ve Almanya bağlamlarının hem de geriye döndüklerinde Türkiye bağlamının nitelikli göçmenlere ne tür koşullar sağladığı tartışılmaktadır. 

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