Turizm Destinasyonlarında Sürdürülebilir Gelişim: Göynük Yerel Turizm Paydaşları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu çalışmanın amacı, turizm destinasyonlarında sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanabilmesi için uygulanan turizm politikaları ve turizm yaklaşımlarının gelişim süreçleriyle birlikte ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırma kapsamında tarihi İpek Yolu Koridorunda bulunan ve Sakin Şehir (Citta Slow) ağına katılım sağlayan Göynük destinasyonunda yerel turizm paydaşlarının konuya ilişkin görüş ve değerlendirmeleri incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin uygulandığı çalışmada, verilerin elde edilmesinde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Göynük’ü diğer destinasyonlardan ayıran öne çıkan özelliklerin maneviyat, tarih, kültür, sakinlik ve huzur olduğu görülmektedir. Göynük’ün turizm geleceği konusunda iyimser olan paydaşların turizm gelişimi açısından devlet destek ve teşviklerini oldukça gerekli gördükleri de ulaşılan önemli bir sonuçtur.

Sustainable Development in Tourism Destinations: Research on Göynük Local Tourism Stakeholders

The purpose of this study is to provide sustainability in tourism destinations, along with the development processes of applied tourism policies and tourism approaches. Within the scope of the research, the opinions and evaluations of the local tourism stakeholders were examined in Göynük, which is located in the historical Silk Road Corridor and participated in the Citta Slow network. In the study conducted in accordance with the qualitative research model, the semi- structured interview form was used to obtain the data. As a result of the study, it is seen that the features that distinguish Göynük from other destinations are spirituality, history and culture, calmness and peace. It is also an important result that the stakeholders who are optimistic about Göynük's tourism future think that state support and incentives are very necessary for tourism development.

___

Ayuso, S. (2007), „Comparing Voluntary Policy Instruments for Sustainable Tourism: the Experience of the Spanish Hotel Sector‟ Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(2), ss. 144-159.
Bernard, L. (2005), „Sustainable Rural Tourism Strategies: A Tool for Development and Conservation‟ Interamerican Journal of Environment and Tourism, 1(1), ss. 12- 18.
Briassoulis, H. (2002), „Sustainable Tourism and the Question of the Commons‟ Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), ss. 1065-1085.
Bogdan, R. C. ve Biklen, S. K. (1992), Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Boley, B. B., McGehee N. G. ve Hammet, A. L. T. (2017), „Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of Sustainable Tourism Initiatives: The Resident Perspective‟ Tourism Management, 58, ss. 66-77.
Butler, R.W. (1980), „The Concept of A Tourist Area Cycle of Evalution: Implications for Management of Resources‟ Canadian Georapher, 24(1), ss. 5-12.
Choi, H. C. ve Sirakaya, E. (2006), „Sustainability Indicators for Managing Community Tourism‟ Tourism Management, 27(6), ss. 1274-1289.
Coccossis, H. (1996), „Tourism and Sustainability: Perspectives and Implications‟ içinde, G. K. Priestley, J. A. Edwards, H. Coccossiset (Editörler), Sustainable Tourism? European Experiences, U.K.: Cab International.
Delgado, A. T. ve Palomeque, F. L. (2014), „Measuring Sustainable Tourism at The Municipal Level‟ Annals of Tourism Research, 49, ss. 122-137.
Doxey, G. (1975), „A Causation Theory of Visitor-Resident Irritants: Methodology and Research Inferences‟ Travel and Tourism Research Association Sixth Annual Conference, San Diego, ss. 195-198.
Dwyer, L. ve Kim, C. (2003). „Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and Indicators‟ Current Issues in Tourism 6(5), ss. 369–414.
Fernandez, J. I. P., ve Sanchez Rivero, M. (2009), „Measuring Tourism Sustainability: Proposal for A Composite Index‟ Tourism Economics, 15(2), ss. 277-296.
Font, X. ve Sallows, M. (2002), „Setting Global Sustainability Standards: The Sustainable Tourism Stewardship Council‟ Tourism Recreation Research, 27(1), ss. 21-31.
Freeman, R. E. ve Reed, D. L. (1983), „Stockholders and Stakeholders: A new Perspective on Corporate Governance‟ California Management Review, 25(3), ss. 88-106.
Garrod, B. ve Fyall, A. (1998), „Beyond the Rhetoric of Sustainable Tourism‟ Tourism Management, 19(3) ss. 199-212.
Genç, K., Atay, L., ve Eryaman, M. Y. (2014), „Sürdürülebilir Destinasyon Yaratma Sürecinde Örgütlenmenin Önemi: Çanakkale Turizmi Üzerine bir Araştırma‟ Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(1), ss. 49-61.
Grimble, R., ve Wellard, K. (1997), „Stakeholder Methodologies in Natural Resource Management: A Review of Principles, Contexts, Experiences and Opportunities‟ Agricultural Systems, 55(2), ss. 173-193.
Ko, J. T. G. (2001), „Assessing Progress of Tourism Sustainability‟ Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), ss. 817-820.
Ko, J. T. G. (2005), „Development of A Tourism Sustainability Assessment Procedure: A Conceptual Approach‟ Tourism Management, 26(3), ss. 431-445.
Kozak, N. Akoğlan Kozak, M, Kozak, M. (2012), Genel Turizm İlkeler-Kavramlar, 16. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Lyon, A., Hunter-Jones, P. ve Warnaby, G. (2017), „Are We any Closer to Sustainable Development? Listening to Active Stakeholder Discourses of Tourism Development in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, South Africa‟ Tourism Management, 61, ss. 234-247.
Manning, T. (2004), Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: A guidebook, Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization.
Mckercher, B. (2003), Sustainable Tourism Development- Guiding Principles For Planning And Management, Presentation to the National Seminar on Sustainable Tourism Development, s. 1-10, Bishkek, Kyrgystan.
Mearns, K. F. (2011), „Using Sustainable Tourism Indicators to Measure The Sustainability of A Community-Based Ecotourism Venture: Malealea Lodge Pony Trek Centre, Lesotho‟ Tourism Review International, 15(1-2), ss. 1-2.
Miles, B. M. ve Huberman, A. M. (1994), Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Source Book, California: Sage.
Olalı, H. (1990), Turizm Politikası ve Planlaması, İstanbul: Yön Ajans.
Sekhar, N. U. (2003), „Local People‟s Attitudes Towards Conservation and Wildlife Tourism around Sariska Tiger Reserve, India‟ Journal of Environmental Management, 69(4), ss. 339-347.
Simpson, K. (2001), „Strategic Planning and Community Involvement as Contributors to Sustainable Tourism Development‟ Current Issues in Tourism, 4(1), ss. 3-41.
Strauss, A. ve Corbin, J. (1990), Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedurs And Techniques, California: Sage Yayınları.
Tsaur, S. H., Lin, Y. C., ve Lin, J. H. (2006), „Evaluating Ecotourism Sustainability from The Integrated Perspective of Resource, Community and Tourism‟ Tourism management, 27(4), ss. 640-653.
Waddock, S., Bodwell, C., ve Graves, S. (2002), „Responsibility: The New Business Imperative‟ The Academy of Management Executive, 16(2), ss. 132–147.
Wolcott, H. F. (1994), Transforming Qualitative Data: Description, Analysis and Interpretation, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016), Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 10. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yu, C. P. S., Chancellor, H. C., ve Cole, S. T. (2011), „Measuring Residents' Attitudes Toward Sustainable Tourism: A Reexamination of The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale‟ Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), ss. 57-63.