Tokat yöresi topraklarından izole edilen Azospirillum suşlarının morfolojik özellikleri

Azospirillum cinsi bakteriler, bitki köklerinde azot (N2) fiksasyonu ve bitki büyümesini hızlandıran fitohormonlar salgıla-yarak bitki gelişimini artırmaktadır. Ülkemizde, Azospirillum suşlarının izolasyonu hakkında çalışma yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu amaçla, Tokat yöresinde bir karayolu üzerinde 5 km aralıklarla 21 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Bu toprakları içeren saksılarda yetiştirilmiş buğday ve mısır bitkilerinin rizosfer toprağından olası 346 adet Azospirillum suşları izole edilmiştir. Ortalama, buğday rizosferinden elde edilen izolat sayısı (2.69), yüzey sterilize edilmiş buğday kökünden izole edilen suş sayı-sından (2.28) istatistiksel olarak önemli (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye, toprak fiziksel özellikleri, buğday, mısır, Azospirillum, azot fiksasyonu, azot tutan bakteriler, Tokat, toprak kimyasal özellikleri, izolasyon

Morphological properties of the Azospirillum strains isolated from Tokat region's soils

Azospirillum strains enhance the plant growth by means of nitrogen (N2) fixation and production of phytohormones. There is almost no work in the isolation of Azospirillum strain in TURKEY. Twenty-one soil samples along a highway with 5 km intervals in Northern Turkey were collected for this reason. A total of 346 putative Azospirillum strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil and surface sterilized roots of the wheat and maize grown in pots containing these soils. On an average, the number of isolates obtained from wheat-rhizosphere (2.69) was statistically (P<0.05) higher than the number of strains isolated from wheat-roots (2.28). Similarly, in terms of both rhizosphere and root, there was more strains in the wheat than maize. The percent Gram Negative strains was 73.5%, the Gram Positive 24%, and Gram Variable 2.5%. The percent spiral isolates was 55%, rod 9%, cocci 7%, and vibroid 29%. The percent pleomorphic cells were 37%. The percent of the non-motile strains was 14%, the percent of the strains with low-motility 43%, and the percent of the strains 1with high motili-ty 43%. Approximately 35% of the strains isolated could use glucose as the sole source of carbon. According to our study, the genus Azospirillum, has a great distribution in Tokat soils, regardless of the management system, climate and vegetation.

Keywords:

Turkey, soil physical properties, wheat, maize, Azospirillum, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixing bacteria, Tokat, soil chemical properties, isolation,

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