BABÜRLÜ DEVLETİ’NDE İKTİDARA YÖN VEREN ŞEHİRLER: BAŞKENTLER

Hindistan’da 1526’da kurulan Babürlü Devleti’nde zaman zaman siyasi, iktisadi ve sosyal nedenlerden dolayı başkent değişikliğine gidilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Agra, Delhi, Fetihpur Sikri ve Lahor şehirleri farklı zamanlarda başkentlik görevini üstlenmişlerdir. Ancak; başkent değişikliği ya da taşınması durumunda, daha önce başkent olan şehrin yıldızı hiçbir zaman sönmemiş, canlılığı devam etmiştir. Çünkü Agra ve Delhi ticari anlamda cazibe merkezleri olmanın yanı sıra kadim tarih üzerine inşa edilmişlerdir. Fetihpur Sikri, dinî ve ruhanî şahsiyetlere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Lahor ise jeostratejik konumu ile askerî açıdan önem arz etmenin yanı sıra kara ticaretini Hindistan’ın diğer bölgelerine bağlayan önemli bir kavşak olma görevini üstlenmiştir. Babürlü Devleti’nde başkent olan şehirleri konu alan bu çalışmanın zaman sınırlılığını 1526 ila 1707 yılları arasındaki kesit oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada yararlanılan kaynaklar ise Vekayi (Baburname), Ekbername ve Tüzik-i Cihangiri (Cihangirname) gibi Babürlü padişahlarının ya da yakınlarının kaleme aldığı kaynaklar ile Hindistan’a giden Bernier ve Tavernier gibi seyyah ve tüccarların izlenimlerinin yer aldığı hatırat ve raporlardır. Ayrıca Hindistan ve Babürlü şehir tarihi araştırmalarını konu alan güncel literatürden de faydalanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Babürlü Başkentleri, Agra, Delhi, Fetihpur Sikri, Lahor

THE CITIES LEADING THE POWER IN THE BABURID STATE: THE CAPITALS

In the Baburid State, which was established in 1526 in India, the capital city was changed from time to time due to political, economic and social reasons. In this context, the cities of Agra, Delhi, Fatehpur Sikri and Lahore have assumed capital positions at different times. However, in the event of a change or relocation of the capital, the star of the city, which was previously the capital, never faded and its vitality continued since Agra and Delhi, as well as being commercial attractions, were built on ancient history. Fetihpur Sikri hosted religious and spiritual personalities. Lahore, on the other hand, had the task of being an important intersection connecting land trade with other regions of India, as well as being of military importance with its geostrategic location. The time limitation of this study, which deals with the capital cities in Baburid State, is the cross-section between 1526 and 1707. The sources used in the study are the sources written by the Baburid rulers or their relatives such as Vekayi (Baburnama), Akbarnama and Tuzuk i Jahangiri (Jahangirnama), and the memoirs and reports containing the impressions of travelers and merchants such as Bernier and Tavernier who went to India. In addition, the current literature on Indian and Baburid city history studies was also benefited.

Keywords:

Baburid Capitals, Agra, Delhi, Fatehpur Sikri, Lahore,

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