Yer radarı (GPR) yöntemi ile bir mermer sahasındaki kalınlık ve süreksizliklerin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada dekorasyon kayacı olan mermer içindeki kırık-çatlak yapılarının aranmasına yönelik yeni bir uygulama tanıtılmaktadır. Yer radarı (GPR) yöntemi, Sivas-Gürün ilçesi Tilkihüyük bölgesinde, bir mermer tabakası içerisindeki kırık ve boşlukları belirleme ve derinliğe göre haritalamada başarıyla uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesi farklı ölçekte boşlukları içeren çok az quartz ve silikat minerallerini kapsayan Üst Miyosen-Pliyosen yaşlı gölsel kireçtaşlarından oluşur. Çalışmanın amacı bir mermer bölgesindeki ocak işletimini doğru yönlendirmek için çok kısa bir zamanda sağlam işletilebilir mermer bölgelerini kırıklı ve diğer bozuk bölgelerden ayırmaktır. 100*100 m2 lik bir alanda GPR verisi toplamak için 5m aralıklı, 100m boyunda 21 adet paralel profil hatları belirlendi. Her bir profilde ölçümler 10cm aralıklarla alındı. 2B verileri işlendikten sonra 3B GPR veri bloğu üzerinden sabit derinlik dilimleri elde edildi. Sonuç olarak mermer tabakasının kalınlık değişimi, görülemeyen kırıkları, boşlukları, sağlam ve bozuk alanları bir kuyu verisine gerek kalmadan belirlendi.

Determination of thicknesses and discontinuties in a marble area by ground penetrating radar (GPR) method

A new application on a marble layer which is ornamental stones is described in this study. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) were succesfully applied to detect and map fractures and cavities in a marble layer according to depth in Sivas City Gürün Town Tilkihüyük region. The research area is represented by Upper Miocene-Pliocene lacustrine limestone and mainly composed of calcite with rare amount of quartz and calcedoney including some cavities with different sizes. The aim of this research is to distinguish quickly inact marketable marble areas from fractured ones in order to improve quarry management. 21 parallel profiles, which were 100m lengths, of 5m interval were defined to take the GPR measurements. Measurement station interval set 10cm on each profile. Following data processing on the parallel 2D profiles, constant depth slices were obtained from constructed 3D GPR data block by using the parallel profiles. Finally, Marble layer tichness variations, non-distinguishable fractures, cavities and high-or low-quality marble areas were determined on 2D profiles and depth slices of 3D block without using borehole.

___

Aldaş, G.U., Kadıoğlu, S., Ulugergerli, E.U., 2004. The effects of concealed discontinuities in blast design pattern, 4th Int. Scientific and Technical Conference of Young Scientists and Specialists, St.Petersburg-RUSSIA, Abstracts, p. 6-7.

Aldaş, G.U., Kadıoğlu, S., Ulugergerli, E.U., 2005. The usage of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in designing blast pattern, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, (online yayınlandı).

Aspiron, U., Aigner, T., 1999. Towards realistic aquifer models: Three dimensional georadar surveys of Quaternary gravel deltas (Singen Basin, SW Germany), Sedimantery Geology, 129, 281-297.

Bano, M., Marquis,G., Niviere, B., Maurin, J.C., Cushing, M., 2000. Investigating alluvial and tectonic features with ground penetrating radar and analyzing differactions paterns, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 43, 3-41.

Benson, A.K., 1995. Applications of ground penetrating radar in assessing some geological hazards:Examples of groundwater contaminants, faults, cavities, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 33, 177-193.

Cardelli, E., Marrone, C., Orlando, L., 2003. Evaluation of tunnel stability using integrated geophysical methods, journal of Applied Geophysics, 52, 93-102.

Cezar, G.S., Rocha, P.L.F., Baurque, A., Costa, A., 2001. Two Brezilian archeological sites investigated br GPR: Serrano and Morro Grande, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 47, 227-240.

Changryol, K., Daniels, J.J., Guy, E., Radzevicius, S.J., Holt, J., 2000. Residual hydrocarbons in a water-saturated medium: A detection strategy using ground penetrating radar, Environmental Geosciences, 7, 4,169-176.

Dannowski, G., Yaramana, U., 1999. Estimation of water content and porosity using combined radar and geoelectric measurements, European Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 4,71-85.

Davis, J.L., Annan, A.P., 1989. Ground-penetrating radar for high resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy, Geophysical Prospecting, 37, 531-551.

Derobert, X., Abraham, O., 2000. GPR and seismic imaging in a gypsium quarry, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 45,157-169.

Grandjean, G., Gourry, J.C., 1996. GPR data processing for 3D fracture mapping in a marble quarry (Thassos, Greece), Journal of Applied Geophysics, 36,19-30.

Green, A., Gross, R., Holliger, K., Horstmeyer, H., Baldwin,J., 2003. Results of 3-D georadar surveying and trenching the San Andreas fault near its northern landward limit, Tectonophysics, 368, 7-23. Hammon III, W., McMechan, G.A., Zeng, X., 2000. Forensic GPR: Finite difference simulations of responses from buried human remains, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 45,171-186.

Harrari, Z., 1996. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) for imaging stratigrafic features and groundwater in sand dunes, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 36, 43-52.

Hruska,J., Fuchs, G., 1999. GRP prospection in ancient Ephesos, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 41, 293-312.

Kadıoğlu, S., 2003, 3D ground penetrating radar- data zcquisition, Processing, and Interpretation, 14th International Petroleum Congress and Natural Gas Congress and Exhibition of Turkey,Ankara-TURKEY, Proceedings, p.485-486.

Kadıoğlu, S., Aldaş, G., Candansayar, E., Ulugergerli E.U., 2003, Çayeli Maden Tünellerindeki Stabilizasyon Çalışmalarında Yer Radarı Uygulaması, Rapor, ÇBİ-Çayeli-RİZE.

Kadıoğlu, S., Daniels,J., 2002. A Hybrid 2D/3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Survey of Brownfield Site Along Lake Street in Chicago, Illinois (USA), Istanbul University Engineering Faculty ICESE-2002, Vol.2, P. 255-261.

Kadıoğlu, S., Daniels, J., 2004, Integrated 3D visualization of GPR data and EM-61 data, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68, US, A468.

Kadıoğlu, S., Ulugergerli, E.U., 2004. Determination of cavities using ground penetrating radar in Dalaman-Akköprü Dam construction area, The 16th International Geophysical Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, 7-10 December, MTA Cultural Center-Ankara, Abstract Book, 372-375.

Kadıoğlu, S., Aldaş, G.U., Karpuz, C., Düzgün, Ş.B., Kadıoğlu, Y.K., 2005, Taş ocağı seçiminde mühendislik disiplininin önemi: Gölbaşı andezitlerinde bir uygulama, Madencilik, 44, 3, 25-33.

Saka, Ö., Önal, K.M., Gündoğdu, N.Y., Dönmez, Ş., Kadıoğlu, S., Ulugergerli, E.U., 2003, Geophysical studies in Akalan Castle (Samsun) and an example of geo-radar measurement, Symposium of Geophysics, ISPARTA-TURKEY, Abstracts Book, p4.

Ulugergerli, E.U., Kadıoğlu, S, 2005. Detecting cavities and archeological remains with GPR, 9th International Congress of Brazilian Geophysical Society held in Salvador, Brazil, 11-14 September.