SAĞLIĞIN SOSYAL BİR BELİRLEYİCİSİ: SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIĞI A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH: HEALTH LITERACY

Öz Sağlıklı olmak her bireyin en temel haklarından birisidir. Bunun için hem sağlık kurumlarına, hem de bireylere önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Bireylere düşen sorumluluk sağlık ve hastalıklarla ilgili bilgi sahibi olmak, sağlık sorunları ile karşılaşmalarını azaltacak bir yaşam tarzı benimsemektir. Bununla birlikte bireylerin sağlığını biyolojik, çevresel ve sosyal birçok faktör etkilemektedir. Sağlığı etkileyen sosyal faktörlerden birisi sağlık okuryazarlığıdır. Sağlık eşitsizliklerinin ve sağlık maliyetlerinin azaltılmasında önemli etkileri bulunan sağlık okuryazarlığı, sağlığın en güçlü sosyal belirleyicileri arasındadır. Yapılan araştırmalar bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin sağlık statüsü ile ilgili en güçlü göstergelerden birisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak bireylerin farklı sosyal imkanlara sahip olması, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte sağlık sisteminden beklentilerin artması ve sağlık bilgisinin karmaşık bir yapıya bürünmesi bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yükseltilmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla öncelikli olarak bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin belirlenmesi, sağlık ve eğitim başta olmak üzere multidisipliner çalışmaların yapılması, farkındalığın sağlanması, politik desteğin oluşturulması gerekmektedir. AbstractBeing healthy is one of the most basic rights of each individual. In order for this goal being achieved, both health institutions and individuals have important responsibilities. The responsibility of individuals is to have knowledge about health and diseases and to adopt a lifestyle that will reduce their encounter with health problems. However, there are many biological, environmental and social factors affecting the health of individuals. Health literacy is one of the social factors affecting health. Health literacy, which has important effects on reducing health inequalities and health costs, is among the strongest social determinants of health. Researchs shows that health literacy level of individuals is one of the strongest indicators of health status. However, the fact that individuals have different social opportunities, the increase in the expectations from the health system along with the developing technology, and the complexity of health information make it difficult for individuals to increase the level of health literacy. Therefore, it is needed to determine the level of health literacy of individuals, to conduct multidisciplinary studies, especially in health and education, to ensure awareness and to establish political support. Keywords: Health, social determinant, health literacy.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sağlık, sosyal belirleyici, sağlık okuryazarlığı

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