Tıp Fakültesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Tercihleri ve Bu Tercihleri Etkileyen Faktörler

Kariyer, genel anlamıyla seçilen bir iş hattında ilerlemek ve bunun sonucunda sorumluluk üstlenmek, statü kazanmak ve saygınlık elde etmek anlamını taşımaktadır. Bir kişinin iş yaşantısındaki aktivite, sorumluluk, tutum ve davranışlarının gelişimidir. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerini mezuniyet sonrası temel, dâhili ve cerrahi bilimler alanlarında farklı düzey ve statüde kariyer olanakları beklemektedir. Bu çalışmada Tıp Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer tercihlerinin ne olduğu ve bu tercihlerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada karma araştırma yöntemi ve tamamlayıcılık deseni kullanılmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler eş zamanlı toplanmış ve bir yöntemden elde edilen bulguların detaylandırılması, sunulması, artırılması ve açıklığa kavuşturulmasında diğer yöntemin sonuçları kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak odak grup görüşmeleri ve kariyer tercih anketi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan odak grup görüşmeleri içerik çözümlemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Transkriptleri çıkarıldıktan sonra kodlanıp, kategorize edilmiştir. Veri analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve Fisher’s Exact Test kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların %60.9’u (n=28) kadın, genel yaş ortalaması 24.4 (±1.9) idi. Öğrencilerin %66.7’si (n=30) mezuniyet sonrasında dâhili, %28.9’u (n=13) cerrahi tıp bilimleri, %4.4’ü (n=2) temel bilimleri seçmeyi planlıyordu. Hiçbir öğrenci meslek hayatına pratisyen hekim olarak devam etmek istemiyordu. Öğrencilerin %84.8’i mezuniyet sonrasında “kamu hastanelerinde” çalışmak istediklerini ifade etti. “Yaşam tarzı esnekliği” ve “Kabul edilebilir çalışma saatleri” kariyer tercihini en çok etkilediği ifade edilen faktörlerdendi. Kariyer tercihini en az etkilediği tespit edilen faktörler ise “aile isteği” ve “sürekli mesleki gelişim için zaman ve para harcama zorunluluğu” ile “toplum tarafından algılanan statü” idi. Odak grup görüşmelerinden “ilgi, yetenek, para, saygınlık statü, kabul edilebilir ve yönetilebilir çalışma koşulları, dar ve odaklanmış ve genel uygulama alanı, TUS’dan alınan puan, mesleki tatmin, hastalar ve hasta yakınları ile ilişkiler, etik ilişkiler, yurtdışı olanaklar ve kariyer danışmanlığı” etkileyen faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin kariyer planlamalarını yetenek ve ilgi alanlarına göre yapabilmelerini desteklemek ve sağlık alanında dengeli bir hizmet dağılımı sağlamak için, çalışma koşullarının düzenlenmesi yanında, mezuniyet öncesi eğitimde olumlu rol modellerinin varlığı ve kariyer danışmanlığı önem kazanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tıp Eğitimi, Kariyer, kariyer tercihi

Career Preferences of Senior Students in Faculty of Medicine and Factors Affecting These Preferences

A career, in general, is to show progress in a profession and, taking responsibility, gaining status and dignity. It is the development of activity, responsibility, attitude and behaviour of a person in professional life. Career opportunities at different levels in fundamental, internal and surgical sciences are awaiting Medical students after graduation. In this study, we aim to determine the career preferences of the last year students in the Faculty of Medicine and to determine the factors that affect these preferences.Mixed research method and complementarity pattern were used in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously and the results of the other method were used to elaborate, present, increase and clarify the findings obtained from the other method. Focus group interviews and career preference questionnaire were used as data collection tools. The focus group interviews were analysed with content analysis. Interview transcripts were coded and categorised afterwards. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s Exact Test were used in data analysis.0f the participants, 60.9% (n = 28) were female and the mean age was 24.4 (± 1.9). Of the students, 66.7% (n = 30) planned to study in internal medicine after graduation, 28.9% (n = 13) in surgical medicine sciences, and 4.4% (n = 2) in fundamental science. None of the students wanted to continue their career as a general practitioner. Eighty-four per cent of the students stated that they want to work in public hospitals after graduation. “Lifestyle flexibility” and “acceptable working hours” were the factors that affected the career preference most. The factors that had the least impact on career choice were “family influence”, “necessity to spend time and money for continuous professional development” and “community perceived status”. Interest, ability, money, dignity, status, acceptable and manageable working conditions, narrow and focused and general area of application, score from medical specialty exam (TUS), professional satisfaction, relationships with patients and their relatives, ethical relations, international opportunities and career counselling, were determined as factors from focus group interviews, affecting career choice. In order to support students' ability to make career planning according to their abilities and interests, and to ensure a balanced service distribution in the health field, besides the regulation of working conditions, the presence of positive role models and career counselling are gaining importance.

Keywords:

Medical education, Career, career choice,

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