Nurdan AKCAY, Hatice UZŞEN, Dilek ZENGİN, Satı DOĞAN, Hamide Nur ÇEVİK ÖZDEMİR

Hemşirelik Öğrencileri Terminal Dönemindeki Çocuk Hastanın Bakımı Hakkında Ne Düşünüyor? Odak Grup Çalışması

Amaç: Hemşirelik öğrencileri terminal dönemde bakım ihtiyacı olan birçok hasta ile karşılaşmaktadır. Bu araştırma, intörn hemşirelerin terminal dönemde olan çocuğa verilen palyatif bakım ile ilgili görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden odak grup görüşmesi yapılarak 2017 yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evreninin Türkiye’de bir üniversitesinin Hemşirelik Fakültesinde eğitim gören intörn hemşireler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada niteliksel araştırmalarda kullanılan örneklem seçme yöntemlerinden biri olan amaçlı örneklem kullanılmıştır. Hemşirelik öğrencisinin en az bir hastaya palyatif bakım vermesi ya da bir hastanın ölümüne tanıklık etmesi dahil edilme kriterini oluşturmaktadır. Odak grup görüşmesi, belirlenen kriterlere uygun bulunan on iki katılımcı ile Hemşirelik Fakültesinin toplantı odasında, katılımcıların uygun olduğu gün ve saatte bir moderatör ve moderatör yardımcısı, iki raportör olmak üzere dört araştırmacıyla yapılmıştır. İntörn hemşirelere sorulmak üzere araştırmacıların deneyimleri ve akademik bilgilerinden faydalanılarak yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu hazırlanmıştır. Bu sorular doğrultusunda görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazı ile kaydedilmiş ayrıca görüşme sırasında rapor tutulmuştur. Verilerin içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Ölüme hazırlık, öz bakım, çocuk ve ailesinin bakım gereksinimlerinin karşılanması olmak üzere üç ana tema belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada hemşirelik öğrencilerinin, çocuk hastanın ve ailesinin terminal dönemde hastalık ve tedavi süreci ile ilgili bilgilendirilmesi gerektiği, semptom yönetimi ve öz bakım ihtiyaçlarının en iyi şekilde sağlanması, emosyonel destek verilmesi gerektiğini düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin terminal dönemdeki çocuk hastanın bakım ortamı hakkında farklı düşüncelere sahip olduğu, çocuğun istediği ortamın ev veya hastane ortamı olabileceğini düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Terminal dönemde olan çocuk hastaya bakım veren hemşirelik öğrencilerinin korku, tedirginlik, çaresizlik, şok, duygusal yıpranma, hissizlik, inkâr ve üzüntü gibi birçok duyguyu yaşadıkları ve bu duygularla nasıl başa çıkmaları gerektiğini bilmedikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Hemşirelik eğitim öğretim sürecine terminal dönemdeki çocuğa bakım ve ölüme hazırlık ile ilgili eğitim programları eklenmelidir. Terminal dönemdeki çocuğa bakım veren hemşirelik öğrencilerinin duygularını ifade etmelerine olanak sağlamak için bireysel görüşmeler veya grup toplantıları düzenlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Terminal dönem, Palyatif bakım, Hemşirelik öğrencisi, Klinik uygulama, Odak grup görüşmesi

WHAT DO UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT NURSES THINK ABOUT THE CHILD PATIENT IN THE TERMINAL PERIOD? FOCUS GROUP STUDY

Aim: Nursing students face many patients who require palliative care in the terminal period. This study aims to determine the student nurses' experiences with the palliative care provided to children in the terminal period. Method: The study was conducted using focus group interviews, which are qualitative research methods. The sample was constituted of 12 intern student nurses who were working in the pediatric hospital of the university in 2017 in Turkey. The research inclusion criteria for students were that they must have provided palliative care or seen death. The focus group interview was held in the meeting room at the Nursing School on the day and hour when the nurses were available with four researchers. Data were analyzed together by using conventional content analysis. Results: Three main themes were determined (Preparing for death, self-care, and meeting the demands of the child and the family). It was found that nursing students providing care to pediatric patients in the terminal period experience many feelings including fear, nervousness, helplessness, shock, emotional deterioration, etc. and they do not know how to deal with these emotions. These students believe that symptom management and self-care requirements should be managed in the best way and that emotional support should be provided. The students pointed out the families' information needs and emotional support needs. They also emphasized the emotional effects associated with themself. Conclusions and Suggestions: Educational programs related to care for the child in the terminal period and preparation for death should be added to the nursing education and training process. Organize individual and group meetings to provide nursing students opportunities to express their feelings regarding the care and death of the child in the terminal period.

Keywords:

end of life care, nursin student, practicum, Focus group interview Terminal dönem, Palyatif bakım, Hemşirelik öğrencisi, Klinik uygulama, Odak grup görüşmesi,

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