Malzeme, Ergonomi Ve Biyomekanik İlişkisi

All devices used for production by engineers and technical personnel are defined as materials. There are 160 thousands different materials used in the present industry. In these materials, 70% is iron based materials and the rest of 30% is nonferrous materials such as copper, nickel, chromium, titanyum as well as polymers, ceramics and composites. Ergonomics is a scientific discipline and field of occupation dealing with applying the theory, principles, knowledge and methods to optimize the human prosperity and the all system performance, and trying to understand the interaction between the human being with the other elements of a system. The focus of ergonomics is human being in the cases for design of work and daily life. Ergonomics can contribute to the human prosperity in the view of health, security and easiness. Some conditions can be harmful for the human life in workplace and daily life. In various countries, muscle-skeleton system illnesses and some psychological problems occur depending on stress. These problematic cases occur due to partly equipment, technical systems and bad design of the workplace. Ergonomics can assist the system to decrease this kind of problems via healing the working conditions. For this reason, some laws are prepared related to the work health and safety in various countries. Biomechanics deals with the muscle skeleton system, and the functions and structure of movement functions of biological systems. Biomechanics can be a part of 274 engineering mechanics after for a while. Because, some part of a human being shows similarities to various machine parts. For example, some stress analysis performed on long bones, shows that they exposed to significant bending moments similar to extended machine parts. It is needed to convey this kind of compression and tensile forces. This handicap is overcome by means of muscle-skeleton system. In this review, materials, ergonomics and biomechanics are individually investigated and then bilateral interactions of those stated three segments are evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Malzeme secimi, ergonomi, biyomekanik, antropometri

-

Keywords:

Selection of materials, ergonomics, biomechanics, anthropometry,

PDF

___

H Uzun, F Fındık, S Salman; Malzeme Biliminin Temelleri, Değişim Yayınları, İstanbul 2008.
D R Askeland; The Science and Engineering of Materials, London, 2009.
O Smith; The Science of Engineering Materials, Prentice Hail Inc., London, 1969.
F Fındık; Malzeme Secimi ve Uygulamaları, Sakarya Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2009.
J O Almen; Probe Failures by Fatigue to Unmask Mechanical Causes, SAE Journal vol. 51 May 1943.
F A Crane, J A Charles; Selection and Use of Engineering Materials, The Garden City Press Ltd. 1984.
J Dul, B Weerdmeester; Ergonomics, (Cev. M Yavuz, N Kahraman), Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara 2007.
D K Dwivedi, Ergonomics, Indian Institute of Technology, Youtube 2011. Vikipedi
B F Hurley, A T Johnson; `Factors affecting mechanical work in humans` in Biomechanics, Principles and Applications, Ed DR Peterson, JD Bronzino, CRC Press, London 2008.
A T Johnson; Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology, JohnWiley, New York, 1991.
A T Johnson, M B Benjamin, N Silverman; Oxygen consumption, heat production, and muscular efficiency during uphill and downhill walking. Appl. Ergon. 33: 485–491, 2002.
J H Milsum; Biological Control Systems Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966.
T A McMahon; Muscles, Reflexes, and Locomotion, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1984.
R M Alexander; Walking and running. Am. Sci. 72: 348, 1984.
M L Pollock, L F Mengelkoch, J S Graves, D T Lowenthal, M C Limacher, C Foster, J H Wilmore; Twenty year follow-up of aerobic power and body composition of older track athletes. J. Appl. Physiol. 82: 1508–1516,
N A Lynch, E J Metter, R S Lindle, J L Fozard, J D Tobin, T A Roy, J L Fleg, B F Hurley; Muscle quality I: age-associated differences in arm vs. leg muscle groups. J. Appl. Physiol. 86: 188–194, 1999.
J C Martin, R P Farrar, B M Wagner, W Spinduso; Maximal power across the lifespan. J. Gerontol.: Med. Sci. A: M311–M316, 2000.
D A Skeleton, C A Greig, J M Davies, A Young; Power and related functional ability of healthy people aged –89 years. Age Aging 23: 371–377, 1994.
F M Ivey et al; The effects of age, gender and myostatin genotype on the hypertrophic response to heavy resistance strength training. J. Gerontol.: Med. Sci. 55A: M641–M648, 2000.