Fatih DAVRAN, Ceyhan HACIOĞLU, Merve ALPAY, Pınar YILDIZ GÜLHAN, Cihadiye Elif ÖZTÜRK, Nevin INCE, Elif Nisa UNLU, Ali ANNAKKAYA

COVID-19 Olası/Kesin Tanılı Hastalarda Serbest Radikal Ve Antioksidan Enzim Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19), küresel halk sağlığını tehdit eden ve bir pandemiye yol açan karmaşık bir hastalık olmasına rağmen, hastalığın patogenezinde yer alan pro-oksidan/oksidan dengesizliğinin katkıları yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 hastalarında sigara kullanımının oksidatif stres ve antioksidan savunma sistemi biyobelirteçleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya katılan kişiler 4 gruba ayrıldı: (Kontrol grubu) COVID-19 tanısı olmayan ve sigara kullanmayan 45 sağlıklı birey, (Grup 2) COVID-19 tanısı olmayan ve sigara kullanan 45 birey, (Grup 3) COVID-19 tanılı ve sigara kullanmayan 45 hasta, (Grup 4) COVID-19 tanılı ve sigara kullanan 45 hasta. Katılımcıların serumlarındaki D-dimer, nitrik oksit (NO), glutatyon redüktaz (GR), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), malondialdehid (MDA), total antioksidan seviyeleri (TAS) ve total oksidan seviyeleri (TOS) seviyelerini ticari kitler kullanarak ELİSA yöntemine göre analiz edildi. Bulgular: COVID-19 tanısı alan kişilerdeki D-dimer seviyelerinde anlamlı bir artış söz konusudur (p

Anahtar Kelimeler:

COVID-19, sigara kullanımı, oksidatif stres, nitrozatif stres

Evaluation of Free Radical and Antioxidant Enzyme Levels in Patients with COVID-19 Possible/Definitive Diagnosis

Aim: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a complex disease threatening global public health and leading to a pandemic, the contributions of the pro-oxidant/oxidant imbalance involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have not been adequately studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of smoking on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. Material and Methods: Participants were divided into 4 groups in the study: (Control group) 45 healthy individuals without a diagnosis of COVID-19 and not smoking, (Group 2) 45 individuals without a diagnosis of COVID-19 and smoking, (Group 3) 45 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and not smoking, (Group 4) 45 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and smoking 45 patients. D-dimer, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant levels (TAS) and total oxidant levels (TOS) in the serum of the participants were analyzed using commercial kits according to the ELISA method. Results: There is a significant increase in D-dimer levels in people diagnosed with COVID-19 (p

Keywords:

COVID-19, smoking, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress,

PDF

___

CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69(13): 382-6.
Aggarwal S, Garcia-Telles N, Aggarwal G, Lavie C, Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States. Diagnosis (Berl). 2020; 7(2): 91-6.
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and ımportant lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323(13): 1239-42.
Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS, et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020; 395(10234): 1417-18.
Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu WC, Uhl S, Hoagland D, Moller R, et al. Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19. Cell. 2020; 181(5): 1036-45.
Preiser JC. Oxidative stress. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012; 36(2): 147-54.
Jensen IJ, McGonagill PW, Berton RR, Wagner BA, Silva EE, Buettner GR, et al. Prolonged reactive oxygen species production following septic ınsult. Immunohorizons. 2021; 5(6): 477-88.
Petrushevska M, Zendelovska D, Atanasovska E, Eftimov A, Spasovska K. Presentation of cytokine profile in relation to oxidative stress parameters in patients with severe COVID-19: a case-control pilot study. F1000Res. 2021; 10: 719.
Lage SL, Amaral EP, Hilligan KL, Laidlaw E, Rupert A, Namasivayan S, et al. Persistent oxidative stress and ınflammasome activation in CD14highCD16- monocytes from COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol. 2022; 12: 799558.
Cecchini R, Cecchini AL. SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression. Med Hypotheses. 2020; 143: 110102.
Chernyak BV, Popova EN, Prikhodko AS, Grebenchikov OA, Zinovkina LA, Zinovkin RA. COVID-19 and oxidative stress. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020; 85(12): 1543-53.
Muhoberac BB. What can cellular redox, ıron, and reactive oxygen species suggest about the mechanisms and potential therapy of COVID-19? Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020; 10: 569709.
Alkadi H. A Review on free radicals and antioxidants. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2020; 20(1): 16-26.
Alpay M, Backman LR, Cheng X, Dukel M, Kim WJ, Ai L, et al. Oxidative stress shapes breast cancer phenotype through chronic activation of ATM-dependent signaling. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015; 151(1): 75-87.
Yadav N, Kumar S, Marlowe T, Chaudhary AK, Kumar R, Wang J, et al. Oxidative phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cancer cell apoptosis in response to anticancer agents. Cell Death Dis. 2015; 6(11): e1969.
Ray G, Batra S, Shukla NK, Deo S, Raina V, Ashok S, Husain SA. Lipid peroxidation, free radical production and antioxidant status in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000; 59(2): 163-70.
Sadati Zarrini A, Moslemi D, Parsian H, Vessal M, Mosapour A, Shirkhani Kelagari Z. The status of antioxidants, malondialdehyde and some trace elements in serum of patients with breast cancer. Caspian J Intern Med. 2016; 7(1): 31-6.
Martin-Fernandez M, Aller R, Heredia-Rodriguez M, Gomez-Sanchez E, Martinez-Paz P, Gonzalo-Benito H, et al. Lipid peroxidation as a hallmark of severity in COVID-19 patients. Redox Biol. 2021; 48: 102181.
Qin M, Cao Z, Wen J, Yu Q, Liu C, Wang F, et al. An Antioxidant Enzyme Therapeutic for COVID-19. Adv Mater. 2020; 32(43): e2004901.
Muhammad Y, Kani YA, Iliya S, Muhammad JB, Binji A, El-Fulaty Ahmad A, et al. Deficiency of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional comparative study in Jigawa, Northwestern Nigeria. SAGE Open Med. 2021; 9: 2050312121991246.
Metta S, Basalingappa DR, Uppala S, Mitta G. Erythrocyte antioxidant defenses against cigarette smoking in ıschemic heart disease. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(6): BC08-11.
Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007; 39(1): 44-84.
Robbins RA, Grisham MB. Nitric oxide. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997; 29(6): 857-60.
Mete AÖ, Koçak K, Saracaloglu A, Demiryürek S, Altınbaş Ö, Demiryürek AT. Effects of antiviral drug therapy on dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide levels in COVID-19 patients. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021; 907: 174306.
Alamdari DH, Moghaddam AB, Amini S, Keramati MR, Zarmehri AM, Alamdari AH, et al. Application of methylene blue -vitamin C -N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients, report of a phase-I clinical trial. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020; 885: 173494.