Selma AYTAÇ, Meral MADENOĞLU KIVANÇ, Meral MADENOĞLU KIVANÇ, Fatma AY

Dört Avrupa Ülkesinde Ebeliğin Güncel Durumu ve Ebelik Araştırmalarının Gelişimi

Amaç: İngilizce konuşulmayan dört Avrupa ülkesi Almanya, Avusturya, İsviçre ve Hollanda’da son yirmi yıllık süreçte ebeliğin güncel durumunu tanımlamak ve ebelik araştırmalarının gelişiminde yayım sürecini etkileyen faktörleri anlamak amacıyla yapılmış kalitatif ortak durum çalışmasıdır. Bulgular: 1989’da Almanya’da Uluslararası Ebelik Konfederasyonu Çalıştay’ında dört ülke için ebelik araştırmalarının başlangıç çalışması yapılmış, her ülkede gelişim özelliklerine göre içerik ve zamanlama olarak farklı kurslar verilmiştir. Son on yıllık süreçte bu gelişime katkıda bulunan ana etkenler; ebeliğin tarihi ve karakteri, bireysel ebelik araştırmaları girişimleri, diğer profesyoneller ile anlaşma ve ebelik programlarının yüksek öğretime geçirilmesidir. Ebelik araştırması günümüzde tüm ülkelerde profesyonel bir role sahip olmasına rağmen gelecekteki problemler arasında kendi akademik iş gücünü oluşturma ve multidisipliner ortaklıklarda ebeliğin rolünü güçlendirme, kendi profilini ve kimliğini yaratma yer almaktadır. Sonuçlar: Güncel görüş dört ülke arasında 1989’da paylaşılmasına rağmen ebelik araştırmaları her ülkede ebelik ve eğitiminin karakterine göre içeriğinin özel olarak geliştiğini göstermektedir. Bu etkenlerin gelecekteki ebelik araştırmalarında ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde bir akademik disiplin olarak dikkate alınması gerekir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avrupa, ebelik araştırmaları kanıta dayalı ebelik, lisansüstü eğitim

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Objective: to describe the current state of midwifery and explore the development of midwifery research during the last two decades in four non-English speaking European countries in order to understand what factors influenced the course of establishing research as a Professional activity. Design: qualitative collective case study. Setting: Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands. Findings: with the ICM Workshop in Germany in 1989 as a central starting point for midwifery research in all four countries, different courses, in timing as well as content, characterised its development in the individual countries. Major factors contributing to this development during the last decades involved the history and character of midwifery, initiatives of individual midwifery researchers, alliances with other professions and the transition of midwifery programmes into higher education. Whereas midwifery research is currently established as a professional role in all countries, future challenges involve the creation of its own profile and identity, while building up its own academic workforce and strengthening the role of midwifery in multidisciplinary alliances. Key conclusions and implications: although a common vision was shared between the four countries in 1989, midwifery research developed as a context-specific phenomenon related to the character of midwifery and education in each country. These factors have to be taken into account in the further development of midwifery as an academic discipline at a national as well as at an international level

Keywords:

Evidence based midwifery; midwifery research; higher education; Europe,

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