İNTESTİNAL MİKROBİYOTA VE OBEZİTE İLİŞKİSİ
Obezite prevalansı son yıllarda giderek artarak hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkeler için önemli bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Yüksek enerjili diyet tüketiminin artması ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin azalması ile birlikte ortaya çıkan enerji dengesizliği obezitenin temel nedenini oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda obezitenin gelişimi ile ilgili biyokimyasal yollar araştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular, intestinal mikrobiyotanın enerji metabolizması üzerinde etkilerinin olduğunu ve obezitenin patogenezinde rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur. İntestinal mikrobiyotanın polisakkarit ve oligosakkaritlerin metabolizmasında ve kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinin üretiminde fonksiyonları bulunmaktadır. İntestinal mikrobiyotadaki değişikler ile birlikte mikrobiyal çeşitlilik azaldığında öncelikli olarak glikoz ve lipid metabolizması etkilenmektedir. Glikoz ve lipid metabolizmasında ortaya çıkan değişikler ise vücutta bir enflamasyona yol açarak obezitenin patofizlojik sürecini başlatmaktadır. Mikrobiyotanın insan vücudunda etkilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak yapılan son çalışmalar intestinal mikrobiyotanın, metabolizma üzerinde tahmin edilenden daha fazla etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmalar ışığında intestinal mikrobiyota, obezitenin tedavisinde potansiyel rol oynayabilecektir
The Relatıonshıp Between Intestınal Mıcrobıota And Obesıty
With its prevalence increasing in recent years, obesity has become a major problem for both developed and developing countries. The energy imbalance associated with increased consumption of high-energy diets and reduced levels of physical activity are the main causes of obesity. In recent years, biochemical pathways related to the development of obesity have started to be investigated. Findings from studies have shown that intestinal microbiota has effects on energy metabolism and plays a role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Intestinal microbiota has functions in the metabolism of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides and in the production of short chain fatty acids. Glucose and lipid metabolism are primarily affected when the microbial diversity decreases with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Changes in glucose and lipid metabolism cause an inflammation in the body, leading to the pathophysiological process of obesity. Microbiota is known to have effects on the human body. However, recent studies show that intestinal microbial activity has a greater effect on metabolism than is predicted. In future studies, intestinal microbiota may play a potential role in the treatment of obesity
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