Türkçede varoluşsal yapılar

Bu çalışmanın esas amacı Türkçedeki varoluşsal yapıları incelemektir. Çalışmanın ana odağını varoluşsal yapılardaki Ad Öbeklerinin anlam bilimsel, söylem ve yapısal özellikleri oluşturmaktadır. Türkçede varoluşsal yapılarda birtakım Ad Öbeklerinin pivot olarak bulunabildiği ve bu öğelerin diğer dillerdeki muadillerinden bir takım farklı özellikler gösterdikleri önceki çalışmalarda ortaya konmuştur. Örneğin, çıplak Ad Öbekleri sayı bakımından zorunlu olarak yansız olarak yorumlanırlar ve söylem gönderiminde bulunamazlar. Bu özellikler, varoluşsal yapıların diğer dillerde ana işlevleri göz önüne alındığında Türkçede beklenmedik bir durum oluşturduğu gözükmektedir. Çıplak Ad Öbeklerinin bu karakteristiğini izah etmek için, eylem tümceleri, deyimsel cümleler ve katkısız eylem yapılarında hal eki almayan nesnelerin özelliklerini açıklamak için önerilen sözde geçişim analizinin, varoluşsal yapıları da kapsayacak şekilde genişletilebileceği iddiası savunulmaktadır. Yalnız, bu önerinin aksine, sözde geçişimin sadece çıplak Ad Öbekleri için geçerli olduğu ve tekil ve çoğul belirsiz Ad Öbeklerini kapsamadığı da ortaya konmaktadır. Burada öne sürülen analiz çıplak Ad Öbeklerinin aslında öbeksel olmadığı savını iddia eden analizlerden de birtakım önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bunun sebebi ise, Türkçe varoluşsal yapılardaki çıplak Ad Öbekleri detaylı bir şekilde incelendiğinde, bu öğelerin tamamıyla öbeksel olduğu görülmektedir.

Existential Constructions in Turkish

The purpose of this paper is to investigate existential constructions in Turkish. The focus will be on the semantic, discourse as well as structural properties of Noun Phrases (NPs henceforth) in these structures. It is well-attested that there are different types of NPs such as bare NPs, singular and plural indefinite NPs that can serve as pivots in existential constructions in the language. However, some of them exhibit certain characteristics that are rather different from those of their counterparts in other languages. Bare NPs, for instance, are obligatorily interpreted as number-neutral and do not introduce discourse referents. This is rather unexpected given the main function of existential constructions cross-linguistically. To account for this behavior of these nominals, I argue that a pseudo-incorporation analysis that was proposed in order to explain the characteristics of direct objects in such structures as verbal sentences, idioms and light verb sentences could be extended to bare NPs in existential constructions. Unlike the analysis in previous work, however, I argue that pseudo-incorporation applies to bare NPs only, excluding singular and plural indefinite NPs. In addition, the account proposed here displays certain differences from those analyses that treat existential bare NPs as non-phrasal. A close analysis shows that existential bare NPs in Turkish are in fact phrasal elements.

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