Bilal Mehmet ÜNVER

145

Exploring the ways to create a national broadband policy: A critical discussion on the main drawbacks and possible measures for Turkey

Ulusal bir genişbarıt politikasının nasıl hazırlanacağı ve uygulanacağı hususu son on yıllık dönem boyunca gelişmiş ülkelerin gündemlerinin ve bilgi toplumu programlarının ayrılmaz bir parçasını teşkil etmiştir. Aslında genişbant, yalnızca yakınsamanın bir yan ürünü olarak görülmemekte, aynı zamanda ülkelerin küresel rekabet gücünün ve toplam refahın artmasını sağlayan bir yol olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Birçok Batı ülkesinin genişbant projelerini, kamu kuruluşlarının kritik sorumluluklar üstlendiği devlet finansman programlarının ve BİT (Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri) stratejilerinin en üst noktasına yerleştirdiği de dikkate alındığında, aynı nitelikli işbirliği ve gayretlerin Türkiye'deki yetkili kurumlara da (ör: Ulaştırma Bakanlığı, Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (BTK) ve Rekabet Kurumu (RK)) düştüğü değerlendirilmektedir. Bu gerçek başlangıç noktası kabul edilerek, bu çalışmada ilk olarak Türkiye 'nin serbestleşme sürecinin, genişbant penetrasyonu ve erişim modellerinin gelişiminin izleri sürülmekte; sonrasında (BTK (önceki adıyla TK) ve RK tarafından tesis edilen) temel karar ve uygulamalar da dâhil olmak üzere düzenleyici ortam açıklanmakta; nihai olarak dünya çapındaki başarılı örnekler göz önünde bulundurularak olası eylem ve tedbirler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Nihai olarak; altyapı ve hizmet ekseninde rekabetin, yatırımı özendirici devlet projeleri ile yakın ilişkili biçimde teşviki önerilmektedir. Olası politika araçları arasında, genişbant yatırımlarına genel bütçe veya evrensel hizmet fonundan pay ayrılması, kamu tekeli niteliğindeki kuruluşlara ait fazla kapasitenin genişbant işletmecilerinin erişimine açılması, kamu-özel sektör işbirliğinin teşvik edilmesi ve belediyelere genişbant altyapısı inşa etme hususunda imkân tanınmasına özel bir önem atfedilmiştir. Bir takım tedbirler ortaya konulduktan sonra, ilgili tüm tarafların (ör: belediyeler, üniversiteler, kamu tekelleri) katılım sağladığı çok boyutlu bir plan yapılmasının, planın uygulanmasında bir görev ekibinin yetkili kılınmasının ve fon dağıtım planlarıyla esnek iş modellerinin kombinasyonunun, Türkiye'nin birçok gelişmiş ülkeye paralel olarak etkin bir şekilde esas alabileceği temel başarı faktörleri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yetkili kuruluşların işletmecilerle ve kendi aralarında daha güçlü koordinasyonun ve öteden beri kullanılan modellerin düzenlenmesinin yayılımı hızlandırılmış YAPA ile FTTx gibi yeni gelişen genişbant platformlarına kademeli bir şekilde yerini terketmesi, bu kapsamda önerilen diğer stratejik yaklaşımlardır. Son, fakat aynı derecede önemli bir husus olarak; ulusal genişbant politikası ve projeleri oluşturulmasına ilişkin tartışmalar, Türkiye'de nasıl sağlam bir genişbant stratejisi oluşturulması ve uygulanması gerektiği konusunun daha geniş bir katılımla tartışılmasını sağlayacak şekilde ülkenin gündeminde kalmaya devam etmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

bilgi

Ulusal genişbant politikası oluşturulmasına yönelik yöntemlerin analizi: Türkiye2ye özgü ana sorunlar ile olası tedbirlere ilişkin eleştirel bir tartışma

How to devise and implement a national broadband policy has been an entrenched part of developed countries' agendas and information society programmes during the last decade. In fact, broadband is not only seen as one of the by-products of convergence but also deemed as the path to increase a country's global competitiveness as well as welfare accumulation. As many Western countries put broadband policies at the top of their state-funding schemes and ICT strategies whereby critical responsibilities are assumed by state agencies, same collaborations and efforts similarly rely on the competent authorities in Turkey, e.g. Ministry of Transport, Regulatory Body (ICTA) and Competition Authority (CA). Viewing this fact as the baseline, this study firstly traces back to Turkey's liberalisation history, development of broadband penetration and access models; subsequently explains regulatory landscape including the cornerstone decisions and implementations, e.g. those of ICTA (formerly, TA) and CA; and finally elaborates the possible actions and measures surrounding successful examples across the globe. It is ultimately proposed that, both infrastructure and service based competition should be encouraged in liaison with investment-spurring governmental projects. Out of the possible policy tools, allocation of a portion of general budget or universal service funds to broadband deployments, making ample capacities of utilities available to broadband operators, encouraging public-private cooperation and enabling municipalities to build broadband infrastructure are given a special emphasis. After a variety of measures being put forward, it is found that making a multi-dimensional plan entailing all the relevant parties (e.g. municipalities universities, public utilities), delegating a task force for implementing the plan, and combination of flexible business models with fund allocation schemes are the main success factors which Turkey would effectively adapt to itself in line with many of the developed countries. Stronger coordination among competent authorities themselves and with operators, and gradual forbearance from regulation of the entrenched models along with the accelerated roll-out ofLLU and other emerging broadband platforms, e.g. FTTx are the other strategic behaviours suggested hereby. Last but not least, public debate over creation of national broadband policy and projects should be maintained on the country agenda, attracting more participants to discuss how to build and implement a sound broadband strategy in Turkey.
Keywords:

information,

PDF

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Rekabet Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1302-552X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 5 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2000
  • Yayıncı: Rekabet Kurumu
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Exploring the ways to create a national broadband policy: A critical discussion on the main drawbacks and possible measures for Turkey

Bilal Mehmet ÜNVER