Music as an inclusion tool: can primary school teachers use it effectively?

The music education subject, which is part of the curriculum area of arts, and music as a whole, as an educational activity by the teacher, is necessary to be used in activities with students for effective teaching in primary schools. It is very important that the teacher, during educational activities, includes, in every subject, music as a teaching tool with the aim of inclusiveness for all students in the classroom. The purpose of this research is to get teachers’ opinions on whether they can use music as a tool for inclusiveness for effective teaching in primary schools. This research was carried out with primary school teachers, grades 1-5, with the aim of incorporating music in all subjects as a tool for inclusiveness. The research methodology is oriented to the review of the literature that deals with this topic, and the semi-structured interview with primary school teachers in Kosovo. From this research, we have obtained satisfactory results, which argue our topic that music is an effective tool in inclusiveness on primary school education.

Music as an inclusion tool: can primary school teachers use it effectively?

The music education subject, which is part of the curriculum area of arts, and music as a whole, as an educational activity by the teacher, is necessary to be used in activities with students for effective teaching in primary schools. It is very important that the teacher, during educational activities, includes, in every subject, music as a teaching tool with the aim of inclusiveness for all students in the classroom. The purpose of this research is to get teachers’ opinions on whether they can use music as a tool for inclusiveness for effective teaching in primary schools. This research was carried out with primary school teachers, grades 1-5, with the aim of incorporating music in all subjects as a tool for inclusiveness. The research methodology is oriented to the review of the literature that deals with this topic, and the semi-structured interview with primary school teachers in Kosovo. From this research, we have obtained satisfactory results, which argue our topic that music is an effective tool in inclusiveness on primary school education.

___

  • Barnová , S., Kožuchová, M., Krásna, S., & Osaďan, R. (2022). Teachers’ Professional Attitudes towards Inclusive Education. Emerging Science Journal, 6(SI), 13-24. doi:10.28991/ESJ-2022-SIED-02
  • Begić, J., Begic, A., & Škojo, T. (2017). Opinions of University Music Teachers on the Musical Competencies Necessary for Primary Education Teachers. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(1), 197-208. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v6n1p197
  • Bharathi, G., Venugopal, A., & Vellingiri, B. (2019). Music therapy as a therapeutic tool in improving the social skills of autistic children. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 55(1), 1-6. doi:10.1186/s41983-019-0091-x
  • Blasco-Magraner, J. S., Bernabe-Valero, G., Marín-Liébana, P., & Moret-Tatay, C. (2021). Effects of the Educational Use of Music on 3- to 12-Year-Old Children’s Emotional Development: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 1-29. doi:10.3390/ijerph18073668
  • Camilleri, A. C., & Camilleri, M. A. (2019). Mobile Learning via Educational Apps: An Interpretative Study. Association for Computing Machinery, 5(1), 27–29. doi:https://doi. org/10.1145/3337682.3337687
  • Çeliktaş, H., Engür, D., & Özeke, S. (2022). A Thematic Review of the Studies on the Music Teacher Competencies in Turkey. International Education Studies, 15(1), 1-15. doi:10.5539/ies.v15n1p1
  • Clauhs, M., Franco, B., & Cremata, R. (2019). Mixing It Up: Sound Recording and Music Production in School Music Programs. Music Educators Journal, 106(1), 55-63. doi:10.1177/0027432119856085
  • Dhomi, A. (2010). Prej notës deri te kënga (From note to song). Prishtina: University of Pristina - Faculty of Education.
  • Drake, S., & Reid, J. (2018). Integrated Curriculum as an Effective Way to Teach 21st Century Capabilities. Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 31-50. doi:I410- ECN-0102-2018-300-004205609
  • Eren, B. (2015). The Use of Music Interventions to Improve Social Skills in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Integrated Group Music Therapy Sessions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197(1), 207 – 213. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2015.07.125
  • Fole, S. V. (2017). Music Education and Its Impact on Students with Special Needs . Scholarship and Engagement in Education, 1(1), 1-7.
  • Freitas Martins, D., Joly, I., & Junior, L. (2020). Inclusive musical education: Searching for the ‘working with’ in social projects. International Society for Music Education 34th World Conference on Music Education: Online 3rd -7th August 2020 (pp. 21-27). Australia: International Society for Music Education.
  • Kivijärvi, S., & Rautiainen , P. (2021). Contesting music education policies through the concept of reasonable accommodation: Teacher autonomy and equity enactment in Finnish music education. Research Studies in Music Education, 43(2), 91 –109. doi:10.1177/1321103X20924142
  • Kryeziu, V. (2020, 2 15). https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=B4hn0SVJsyg&t=24s. (A. Rasimi, Editor, S.Avdiu, Producer, & Bitonia) Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=B4hn0SVJsyg&t=24s: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=B4hn0SVJsyg&t=24s
  • Kumar, R. (2017). Metodologjia e hulumtimit (Research methodology). Prishtinë: USAID & MASHT.
  • Laes, T., & Westerlund, H. (2018). Performing disability in music teacher education: Moving beyond inclusion through expanded professionalism. International Journal of Music Education, 36(1), 34 –46. doi:10.1177/0255761417703782
  • Lee, L., & Chang, H.-Y. (2021). Music Technology as a Means for Fostering Young Children’s Social Interactions in an Inclusive Class. Applied System Innovation, 4(4), 2-13. doi:10.3390/asi4040093
  • Manning, I. (2016). Music for all: supporting students with special needs in the music classroom. Toronto: University of Toronto.
  • Matthews , B., & Ross, L. (2010). Metodat e hulumtimit (Research methods). Tiranë: CDE.
  • Meyer, J. (2017). Music education with autistic students, music education with autistic students in the mainstream elementary classroom. Toronto: Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto .
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. (2016). Kurrikula bërthamë për klasën përgatitore dhe arsimin fillor të Kosovës (klasat 0, I, II, III, IV dhe V)- Core Curriculum for Preparatory Grade and Elementary Education of Kosovo (Grades 0, I, II, III, IV and V). Prishtina: MEST.
  • Mohajan, H. (2018). Qualitative Research Methodology in Social Sciences and Related Subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23-48.
  • Moreno, D., Moreira, A., Tymoshchuk, O., & Marques, C. (2021). Finding solutions to promote the inclusion of children with Cerebral Palsy in Arts Education Programmes of Music: an integrative literature review using webQDA. Indagatio Didactica, 13(3), 537-558. doi:https://doi.org/10.34624/ id.v13i3.25599
  • Musai, B. (2020). Arsimi në demokracinë e brisht (Education in democracy is fragile). Tirna: EDUALBA. Newcomer, K., Hatry, H., & Wholey, J. (2010).
  • Handbook of practical program evaluation. Washington: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ovcharenko, N., Sysoieva, S., Samoilenko, A., Chebotarenko, O., & Bohianu, K. (2021). Formation of prospective music art teachers’ readiness for inclusive educational activity. Amazonia Investiga, 10(45), 175-184. doi:10.34069/AI/2021.45.09.18
  • Pino, A., & Viladot , L. (2019). Teaching– learning resources and supports in the music classroom: Key aspects for the inclusion of visually impaired students. British Journal of Visual Impairment, 37(1), 17 –28. doi:10.1177/0264619618795199
  • Rasimi, D. (2021). https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=dsqFvUQEUgg. (A. Rasimi, Editor, V. Krasniqi, Producer, & Albas) Retrieved from https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=dsqFvUQEUgg: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=dsqFvUQEUgg
  • Riley, P. (2016). iPad Apps for Creating in Your General Music Classroom. Journal of General Music Education, 29(2), 4-13. doi:https:// doi.org/10.1177/1048371315594408
  • Ruiz, A., & Bosco, A. (2020). Digital technologies in the music classroom to support equity and inclusion in secondary school. International Society for Music Education 34th World Conference on Music Education: Online 3rd -7th August 2020 (pp. 80-89). International Society for Music Education : Australia.
  • Santos, C., Carvalho, B., & Lobato, B. (2020). Inclusion of students with special educational needs at the state music conservatory: teachers’ perspective. Educação e Pesquisa, 46(1), 18-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/ S1678-4634202046215166
  • Save the Children. (2007). Disiplina pozitive në klasa gjithëpërfshirëse, mësimdashëse (Positive discipline in inclusive, nurturing classrooms). Tirana: Save the Children.
  • Steele, M., McFerran, K., & Crooke, A. (2022). Shifting the Focus to Teachers: A New Approach for Music Therapists Working in Schools. Music Therapy Perspectives, 40(1), 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ mtp/miac020
  • Sze, S., & Yu, S. (2004). Educational benefits of music in an inclusive classroom. Online Submission, 1-3.
  • Tettey, T. R. (2019). Music education as a means to enhance a sense of social inclusion and empower the young in Eastern Uganda. Journal of Social Inclusion, 10(1), 59-77. University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”. (2019, 10 1). Faculty of Education - Primary Program. Retrieved from https://edukimi. uni-pr.edu/desk/inc/media/7140978A-1696- 4481-BAA3-770B5ED59071.pdf: https://uni- pr.edu/
  • Wall, A., & Leckie, A. (2017). Curriculum Integration: An Overview. Current Issues in Middle Level Education, 22(1), 36-40.