İş Stresi ve Güvenlik Performansı Arasındaki İlişkide Güvenlik İkliminin Düzenleyici Rolü: Sağlık Sektöründe Bir İnceleme

İş stresinin görev performansıyla ilişkisi alan yazında sıklıkla incelenmektedir. Ancak, can güvenliği gibi önemli çıktıları olan güvenlik performansının iş stresiyle ilişkisini ele alan çalışmaların çok daha az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmanın ilk amacı, iş stresi ve güvenlik performansı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu ilişkiyi inceleyen önceki araştırmalarda çeşitli bireysel ve durumsal faktörlerin bu ilişkiye olan etkisinin ortaya konulmasına karşın güvenlik ikliminin düzenleyici rolünün henüz incelenmediği dikkat çekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın bir diğer amacı, iş stresi ve güvenlik performansının alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkide durumsal bir değişken olan güvenlik ikliminin düzenleyici rolünün sınanmasıdır. Bir yandan oldukça stresli işleri barındırması, bir yandan da çalışanlardan yüksek düzeyde güvenlik performansı beklentisine sahip olunması nedeniyle mevcut araştırma sağlık sektöründeki çalışanlar ile yürütülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın katılımcıları İstanbul ve Kocaeli sınırları içerisinde ulaşılabilen 165 sağlık çalışanından (%73.3 kadın, %26.7 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışanlar, üçü kamu hastanesi ve sekizi özel hastane olmak üzere 11 kurumun çeşitli departmanlarında ve farklı rollerde (doktor, hemşire, teknisyen, fizyoterapist ve laborant) görev yapan kişilerdir. Verilerin toplanmasında İş Stresi Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Güvenli Davranış Ölçeği ve Güvenlik İklimi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda iş stresinin güvenlik performansının alt boyutları olan güvenlik uyumu ve güvenlik katılımı ile negatif yönde ve anlamlı ilişkilere sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca iş stresi ve güvenlik katılımı arasındaki ilişkide güvenlik ikliminin düzenleyici rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre düşük güvenlik iklimine sahip ortamlarda iş stresinin güvenlik katılımını artırdığı, yüksek güvenlik iklimine sahip ortamlarda ise azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan, iş stresi ve güvenlik uyumu arasındaki ilişkide güvenlik ikliminin düzenleyici bir rol oynamadığı gözlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, alan yazındaki diğer araştırma sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmış, ölçümle ilgili ve ortamsal faktörlerin bu sonuçlar üzerindeki etkisi tartışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İş stresi, güvenlik performansı, güvenlik iklimi, sağlık sektörü, düzenleyici etki

The Moderator Role of Safety Climate in the Relationship between Job Stress and Safety Performance: An Investigation in the Health Sector

The relationship between job stress and task performance is frequently studied in the literature. However, it is seen that there are fewer studies examining the relationship between job stress and safety performance which has important outcomes such as life safety. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was determined as examining the relationship between job stress and safety performance. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effects of various individual and situational factors on the job stress-performance relationship, it is noteworthy that the moderator role of the safety climate has not been examined yet. In this respect, another aim of the study is to investigate the moderator role of the safety climate as a situational variable in the relationships between job stress and sub-dimensions of safety performance. The present study was conducted with employees from the health sector as it contains both the most stressful jobs and high level of safety performance expectation. In this regard, the participants of the present study consisted of 165 healthcare professionals (73.3% women, 26.7% men) reached within the borders of Istanbul and Kocaeli. These professionals work in various departments and different roles (doctors, nurses, technicians, physiotherapists, laborants) in 11 institutions including three public hospitals and eight private hospitals. Job Stressor Appraisal Scale, Safe Behavior Scale and Safety Climate Scale were used to collect data. The correlation analysis results demonstrated the negative and significant relationship between job stress and safety compliance and safety participation as sub-dimensions of safety performance. Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between job stress and safety participation was moderated by the safety climate. These results indicate that while work stress increases safety participation in a low safety climate, it decreases in a high safety climate. On the other hand, the moderator effect of safety climate was not found statistically significant in the relationship between job stress and safety compliance. These results were compared with other research results in the literature and the effects of measurement-related and environmental factors on the results were discussed

Keywords:

Job stress, safety performance, safety climate, health sector, moderator effect,

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