Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı

Content and Structure of Scientific Values460Psikoloji Çaliımalari - Studies in Psychology Cilt/Volume: 41, Sayi/Issue: 2, 2021ÖZBu araştırmanın amacı bilimsel bağlamla ilişkili değerlerin tespit edilmesi ve bu değerlerin Schwartz (1992) tarafından önerilen güdüsel çemberdeki konumlarının sınanmasıdır. Bilimsellik değerleri alanyazınından hareketle yaratıcılık, merak, şüphecilik, açık fikirlilik, akılcılık, nesnellik, müştereklik, bilimsel etik ve tutarlılık değerleri bilimsellik değerleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerlerin önemini ölçmek amacıyla yazarlar tarafından maddeler geliştirilmiştir. Beş hipotezi sınamak amacıyla iki çalışma yapılmıştır. Birinci çalışmanın (N = 624, Ort.yaş = 22) bulguları bilimsellik değerlerinin görgül olarak Özyönelim ve Evrenselcilik değerleri arasında konumlandığını ve bilimsellik değerleri ile diğer değer tipleri arasındaki korelasyonların sinus dalgası şeklinde bir örüntü sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur. İkinci çalışmada ise (N = 181, Ort.yaş = 21.5) bilimsellik değerlerinin semantik farklılık maddeleri ile ölçülen bilime yönelik tutumlar ve bilme ihtiyacı puanları ile pozitif, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük puanları ile negatif korelasyon gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Bu araştırma bilimsellik değerlerini, değerlerin çembersel yapısıyla entegre eden ilk çalışmadır. Bulguların bilimsellik değerlerinin hipotez edilmiş olan yapısını doğruladığı ve bilimsellik değerleri ölçümünün yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerliğe sahip olduğunu desteklediği tartışılmıştır. Kendi kendini seçme yanlılığı içerebilecek uygunluk örneklemleri kullanılması, verinin Türk üniversite öğrencilerinden toplanmış olması, ikinci çalışmada kadınların erkeklerden daha fazla temsil edilmiş olması ve bilimsellik değerleri dışındaki değer tipi ölçümlerinde düşük güvenirlik katsayıları gözlenmiş olması araştırmanın yöntemsel sınırlılıkları olarak kayda geçirilmiştir. Gelecekte yapılabilecek çalışmalarda, halihazırdaki araştırma bulgularının kültürlerarası çalışmalarla tekrarlanması ve bilimsellik değerlerinin, bu çalışmada kullanılanlar dışında kalan kişilik ölçümleri ile arasındaki ilişkilerinin incelenerek yakınsak geçerlik bulgularının genişletilmesi önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bilimsellik değerleri, değer kuramı, değer çemberi, temel değerler, bağlama özgü değerler

Content and Structure of Scientific Values

The purpose of the present research was to identify values relevant to the context of science and test their location in the motivational value circle proposed by Schwartz (1992). Based on the available scientific values literature, creativity, curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, rationality, objectivity, communality, integrity, and consistency values were identified as scientific values. Items were generated by the authors to measure their importance. Two studies were conducted to test five hypotheses. In Study 1, with a student sample (N = 624, Mage= 22), results revealed that scientific values were empirically located between Self-Direction and Universalism values, and there was a sinusoidal pattern of correlations between the scientific values and the other value types. In Study 2 (N = 181, Mage = 21.5), scientific values were observed to be positively correlated with the attitudes towards science as measured by semantic differential scales and the need for cognition scores, and negatively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty scores. The present research was the first attempt to integrate scientific values into the circular structure of values. Results were discussed as confirming the hypothesized structure of scientific values, and as providing initial support for the convergent and divergent validity of the scientific values measure. Using convenience samples with a potential self-selection bias, collecting data from Turkish university students, over-representation of women in Study 2, and low reliability coefficients for value type measures other than the scientific values were noted as methodological limitations. Attempts to replicate the results of the present research in cross-cultural studies and to investigate the relationships between the scientific values and personality measures other than the ones used in the present study to extend convergent validity are suggested as future research directions.

Keywords:

Scientific values, value theory, value continuum, basic values, context-specific values,

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