Gamze KILIÇ, Belemir Şule SAMAR, Koray AKKUŞ, Günay Serap TEKİNSAV SÜTCÜ

Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

Bireylerin vücut ağırlıklarının sağlıklı olup olmadığının belirlenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerden biri olan beden kitle indeksindeki (BKİ) artış obeziteye işaret etmektedir. Obezite yaygınlığı giderek artan bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu nedenle gelişiminde etkili olan psikolojik faktörlerin belirlenmesi hem önleme hem de tedavi sürecine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu çalışmada BKİ ile problem çözme becerileri, duygudurum belirtileri (depresyon ve kaygı) ve yeme farkındalığı arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 18-65 yaş arası toplam 619 katılımcıdan veri toplamak amacıyla Demografik Bilgi Formu, Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği-30, Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği ve Problem Çözme Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Öncelikli olarak, katılımcılar BKİ’ye göre obezitesi olan ve olmayan bireyler olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu iki grubun verileri anksiyete, depresyon, problem çözme becerileri ve yeme farkındalığı puanlarının farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını tespit etmek amacıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Ardından problem çözme becerisi, depresyon, anksiyete ve yeme farkındalığının alt boyutlarının BKİ’yi yordayıcılığı test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre obezitesi olmayan bireyler obezitesi olanlara göre düşünmeden yeme, duygusal yeme, yeme kontrolü, bilinçli beslenme ve enterferans alt boyutlarından daha yüksek; farkındalık alt boyutundan ise daha düşük puan almışlardır. Ayrıca obezitesi olmayan grupta depresyon ve kaygı belirtileri anlamlı olarak daha düşüktür ve problem çözme becerileri daha yüksektir. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizine göre yaş, eğitim düzeyi, problem çözme becerileri, depresyon belirtileri ve yeme farkındalığının alt boyutları BKİ’yi yordamaktadır. Dahası, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve depresif semptomlar kontrol edildikten sonra dahi yeme farkındalığının alt boyutlarının BKİ’yi pozitif yönde yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları depresyon belirtilerinin, yetersiz problem çözme becerilerinin ve sorunlu yeme davranışlarının vücut ağırlığındaki artışa katkıda bulunabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, yapılan tedavi çalışmalarında bu faktörlerin göz önünde bulundurulması yararlı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Obezite, depresyon, kaygı, problem çözme becerileri, yeme farkındalığı

Examining the Relationships of Increase in Body Mass Index with Mindful Eating, Problem Solving Skills, and Mood Symptoms

Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a determinant of healthy weight, with high values being suggestive of obesity – a highly prevalent public health problem. Identifying the underlying psychological factors of high BMI is critical for preventing and treating obesity. The present study addresses this issue by exploring the relationships BMI has with problem-solving skills, mood symptoms (depression and anxiety), and mindful eating. A demographic information form, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire-30, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Problem Solving Inventory were used to collect data from 619 study participants aged 18–65 years. First, the participants were divided into two groups based on their BMIs as those who are considered obese and those who are not. The data from the two groups were compared to identify any differences in their anxiety, depression, problem-solving skills, and mindful eating scores. In the next stage, their problem-solving skills, depression, anxiety, and sub-dimensions of mindful eating were tested with regard to being able to predict their BMI. The results revealed that the non-obese individuals scored higher in the sub-dimensions of mindful eating, emotional eating, eating control, conscious eating, and interference and lower in the sub-dimension of awareness compared to the obese individuals. In addition, the non-obese individuals showed fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and had better problem-solving skills compared to the obese group. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that age, education level, problem-solving skills, depressive symptoms, and the sub-dimensions of mindful eating predict BMI. Moreover, the sub-dimensions of mindful eating were found to positively predict BMI, even when controlling for age, education, and depressive symptoms. The present study has thus identified the detrimental role that depressive symptoms, insufficient problem-solving skills, and problematic eating behaviors have regarding increased BMI. As a result, taking these factors into consideration is thought to be able to benefit prevention and treatment studies.

Keywords:

Obesity, depression, anxiety, problem solving-skills, mindful eating,

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