Aşırı Kilolu/Obez Hastaların Intragastrik Botulinum Toksin-A Enjeksiyonu Yaptırma Kararında Medya, Sosyal Karşılaştırma ve Benlik Farklılıklarının Rolü

Beden imajı bireylerin kendi bedenlerine ilişkin algılarının toplamıdır. Beden imajını etkileyen çeşitli faktörler vardır, bunlardan biri de sosyokültürel faktörlerdir. Aile, akran ve medyayı kapsayan sosyokültürel faktörler kişilerin beden imajını etkileyen önemli faktörler olarak bilinmektedir. Fazla kilolu olmanın beden imaj algısı üzerinde yarattığı sorunlar son yıllarda oldukça sık araştırılan konuların başında gelmektedir. Bedeni, medyada yer alan kişilerle karşılaştırmak ve buna bağlı oluşan beden tatminsizliğinin kişileri kilo verme ile ilgili çeşitli yöntemlere başvurma yolunda motive ettiği de yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya konmuştur. Doktorlar tarafından sağlık amaçlı önerilen çeşitli yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, kilolu kadınlar bedenlerine ilişkin kaygıları için de kilo vermek amacıyla çeşitli uygulamalar yaptırmaktadır. Intragastrik Botulinum Toksin-A (BTA) enjeksiyonu (mide botoksu) işlemi de bunlardan biridir. Bu çalışma, sosyokültürel faktörlerin aşırı kilolu/sınıf I obez kadın hastaların intragastrik botoks enjeksiyon tedavisine karar verme süreçlerini nasıl etkilediğini yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik yaklaşım ile araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini son altı ay içinde intragastrik botoks enjeksiyonu yaptıran 12 kadın hasta oluşturmuştur. Hastalarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz sonucunda yedi tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu temalar; fiziksel özellikler yoluyla kendini tanımlama, intragastrik botoks enjeksiyonuna yönelik motivasyonlar, vücuda yönelik tutumlar, fazla kiloya ilişkin algılanan etkiler, kişinin kendi bedenini karşılaştırması, medyanın karar verme sürecindeki rolü ve son olarak gelecekte görünümü değiştirmeye yönelik tedavi planları şeklindedir. Hastaların beden imaj algılarının işleme-karar verme süreçlerinde önemli bir rol oynadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca sosyal medyanın da hastalar tarafından bilgi edinme amacıyla sıklıkla kullanılan bir mecra olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma, öz değerlendirme ve beden imajı gibi bilişsel süreçleri, intragastrik BTA enjeksiyonunun arkasındaki motivasyonları, bedenlerine karşı tutumları anlamaya çalışmak açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

beden imajı, obezite, sosyal karşılaştırma, medya, benlik farklılığı

The Roles of Media, Social Comparison and Self-discrepancy on Overweight/Obese Patients’ Decision to Undergo Intragastric Botulinum Toxin-A Injection

Body image is the sum of individuals’ perceptions of their own bodies. There are various factors that affect body image, one of which is sociocultural factors. Sociocultural factors, including family, peers and the media, are important factors affecting the body image of individuals. The effects of being overweight on one’s body image perception has been one of the most frequently researched topics in recent years. Studies have also shown that comparing one’s body with people in the media, and the dissatisfaction with one’s body resulting from it, motivates people to resort to various methods of losing weight. Doctors recommend various procedures for health reasons. Moreover, overweight women choose some surgical procedures such as intragastric botox injection, due to their concerns about their body image. Intragastric Botulinum Toxin-A injection (stomach botox) is one of them. This study aims to explore how sociocultural factors affect the overweight/ class I obese female patients’ decision to undergo an intragastric botox injection treatment from an interpretative phenomenological approach. The sample of the study consisted of 12 female patients who had an intragastric botox injection in the last six months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the patients. The interpretive phenomenological analysis revealed seven themes; self-definition through physical characteristics, motivations towards intragastric botox injection, attitudes towards the body, the perceived effects of being over-weight, comparing one’s own body, the role of the media in the decision-making process, and treatment plans for changing one’s appearance in the future. It has been found that the body image perceptions of the patients play an important role in the processing-decision-making processes.. In addition, it has been observed that social media is a channel frequently used by patients for the purpose of obtaining information. The study is important in terms of trying to understand cognitive processes including self-evaluations and body image, their motivations behind intragastric BTA injection, and attitudes toward their bodies.

Keywords:

Body image, obesity, social comparison, media, self-discrepancy,

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