Deniz TAMER, Ayşe Fatma EROL

9098

Cıngırt Kayası’nda Ele Geçen Geç Hellenistik-Roma Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi Kırmızı Astarlı Seramikler

Cıngırt Kayası’nda 2012-2014 yılları arasında yürütülen kazı çalışmalarında ele geçen Geç Hellenistik-Roma Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi kırmızı astarlı seramik buluntuları bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Birçok Hellenistik Dönem yerleşiminde olduğu gibi Geç Hellenistik Dönem’le birlikte Cıngırt Kayası’nda MÖ 2. yüzyılda siyah astarlı seramik gruplarının yerini yavaş yavaş kırmızı astarlı seramiklere bıraktığı gözlemlenmektedir. Pontos Krallığı’nın MÖ 2. yüzyılda Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde giderek artan hâkimiyeti ve VI. Mithradates Dönemi’nde oluşan siyasi, askeri hareketlilik ve takip eden süreçte Roma hâkimiyetinin oluşması, Cıngırt Kayası seramik buluntularının da çeşitlenmesine yol açmış ve ele geçen seramikler üzerinden bu tarihsel süreci takip etmeyi mümkün kılmıştır. Cıngırt Kayası’nda ele geçen kırmızı astarlı seramiklerin büyük çoğunluğu bu dönemle ilişkilidir. Cıngırt Kayası’nda kaliteli sofra takımlarını oluşturan kapların farklı merkezlerden ithalleri ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Basit astarlı kaplar; Rhodos ve Knidos üretimi kaplar; Doğu Sigillataları A, Doğu Sigillataları C, Pergamon Sigillataları, Bosporus Sigillataları ve yerel üretim kaplar Cıngırt Kayası kırmızı astarlı kaliteli sofra takımlarını oluşturmaktadır. Kuzey Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Mithradates savaşlarıyla birlikte Bosphorus Sigillatalarında görülen artışa paralel olarak Cıngırt Kayası’nda da yoğunluğun Bosphorus Sigillatlarına ait örneklerden oluşması oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Bu durum Anadolu hakimiyeti için Roma ile mücadele eden Pontos Krallığı’nın Cıngırt Kayası gibi savunmaya yönelik askeri yerleşim merkezinde de gerekli lojistiğin Kuzey Karadeniz Bölgesi üzerinden gerçekleştirildiğinin arkeolojik kanıtlarını göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu ticari ilişkinin MS 1. yüzyıl boyunca da devam ettiği anlaşılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pontos, Cıngırt Kayası, Geç Hellenistik Dönem, Roma Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi, Kırmızı Astarlı Seramik

Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Imperial Period Red Slip Pottery From Cıngırt Kayası

Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Imperial Period red slip wares obtained from Cıngırt Kayası during the 2012-2014 seasons excavations constitute this study’s subject. As in many Hellenistic settlements, it is observed that the black slip pottery gradually gave way to red slip pottery in the Late Hellenistic Period at Cıngırt Kayası. The increasing dominance of the Kingdom of Pontos in the Black Sea Region in the 2nd century BC and the political and military activity under the rule of Mithradates VI, and the establishment of Roman domination in the following period led to the diversification of Cıngırt Kayası ceramic finds and made it possible to follow that historical process through the ceramics unearthed. The vast majority of red slip wares unearthed at Cıngırt Kayası are associated with this period. At Cıngırt Kayası, the vessels that make up the quality tableware were imported from different centers. Wares with simple slip; Rhodian and Knidian wares; Eastern Sigillata A, Eastern Sigillata C, Pergamon Sigillata, and Bosporan Sigillata wares and locally produced wares constitute the red slip tableware of Cıngırt Kayası. Parallel to the increase in Bosporus Sigillata in the Northern Black Sea Region with the Mithradates wars, it is quite remarkable that the density of Bosporus Sigillata at Cıngırt Kayası is also quite high. This is important in terms of constituting the archaeological evidence that the necessary logistics for the defense-oriented military settlement center such as Cıngırt Kayası of the Pontos Kingdom, which struggled with the Romans for Anatolian domination, was carried out through the Northern Black Sea Region. It is understood that this commercial relationship continued throughout the 1st century AD.
Keywords:

Pontos, Cıngırt Kayası, Late Hellenistic Period, Roman Early Imperial Period, Red Slip Pottery,

PDF

___

  • Adak 1997, Adak, I., Zeugma Sigillataları, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Akıl–Girginer 2012, Akıl, H.-Girginer, K., “Kapadokya Komanası Geç Hellenistik-Roma Dönemleri Seramiği”, Stratonikeia’dan Lagina’ya Ahmet Adil Tırpan Armağanı, (ed. B. Söğüt), İstanbul, 1-25.
  • Akıl 2008, Akıl, H., Kapadokya Komanası Hellenistik-Roma Dönemleri Seramiği, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
  • Alekseeva 1997, Alekseeva, E. M., Antichnyy gorod Gorgippiya, Moskva.
  • Anderson 1954, Anderson, J. K., “Excavations on the Ridge of Kofina in Chios”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, 49, 128-182.
  • Anderson-Stojanovic 1992, Anderson-Stojanovic, V. R., Stobi: The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery, New Jersey.
  • Arrianus, Arriani Periplus Ponti Euxini, Arrianus’un Karadeniz Seyahati (trans. M. Arslan), İstanbul, 2005.
  • Arsenieva–Naumenko 2001, Arsenieva,T. M.–Naumenko, S. A., “Raskopki Tanaisa ѵ tsentre ѵ ostochnoi chasti gorodischa”, Drevnosti Bospora, 4, 56-124.
  • Arsenieva 1970, Arsenieva, T. M., “Mogil’ik u der. Novo-Otradnoye”, Poseleniya i mogil’niki Kerchenskogo poluostrova nachala i. e., (ed. A. I. Melyukova), Moskova, 82-149.
  • Arsenieva et. al. 2010, Arsenieva, T. M.–Il’yashenko, S. M.–Naumenko, S. A., “Issledovaniya na gorodishche Tanais v 2008 godu”, Istoriko-arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya v g. Azove i na Nizhnem Donu v 2007-2008 gg, (ed. V. Ya. Kyyashko), Azov, 145-160.
  • Ateş 2003, Die Rote Feinkeramik von Aizanoi als lokaler Kulturträger (Untersuchungen zum Verhältnis von lokaler roter Glanztonware und importierter Sigillata), (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg.
  • Berlin–Stone 2016, Berlin, M. A.–Stone, P. J., “The Hellenistic and Early Roman Pottery”, Akko II. The 1991-1998 Excavations.
  • The Early Periods, (eds. M. Hartal–D. Syon–E. Stern–A. Tatcher), Jerusalem, 133-202.
  • Berlin 1997, Berlin, A., “The Plain Wares”, Tel Anafa II, i: The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery, (ed. S. C. Herbert), Ann Arbor, 1-242.
  • Billows 1990, Antigonos the One-eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State, California.
  • Bonin 2005, Bonin, A., “Antique Rural Site Kuchugury 2 on Taman Peninsula”, Drevnosti Bospora, 8, 25-38.
  • Bonin 2006, Bonin, A. V., “Pamyatniki Khory Bospora I V. Do n.e.: Yeshce Raz O Khronologii Ob’Yektov Signal’no-Oboronitel’noy Sistemy”, Problemy, Istorii, Filologii, Kul’tury, Vp. XVI/3, 8-42.
  • Bonin 2019, Bonin, A. V., Sel’skiye poseleniya Bospora I v. do n.e.–serediny II v. n.e.: voprosy khronologii. Institut arkheologii Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, Moskva.
  • Bounegru–Erdemgil 1998, Bounegru, O.–Erdemgil, S. “Terra Sigillata Produktion aus den Werkstätten von Pergamon-Ketiostal. Vorläufiger Bericht”, Istanbuler Mitteilungen, 48, 263-277.
  • Bounegru 2014, Bounegru, O., “The Black Sea Area in the Trade System of the Roman Empire”, Euxeinos, 14, 8-16.
  • Bouzek 1990, Bouzek, J., Studies of Greek Pottery in the Black Sea Area, Prague.
  • Bozkova 1997, Bozkova, A., “A Pontic Pottery group of the Hellenistic Age (A Survey Based on Examples from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast)”, Archaeologia Bulgaria, 1/2, 8-17.
  • Brock 1949, Brock, J. K., Excavations in Siphnos, Cambridge.
  • Bruneau 1970, Bruneau, P., “La vaiselle”, Exploration Archéologique de Delos Faite Par l’école Française d’Athénes, (eds. P. Bruneau–C. Vatin–U. Bezerra de Meneses–G. Donnay–E. Lévy–A. Bovon–G. Siebert–V. R. Grace–M. Savvatianou-Pétropoulakou–E. Lyding Will–T. Hackens), XXVII, 239-262.
  • Bucovala 1967, Bucovala, M., Necropole elenistice la Tomis, Muzeul Regional de Archeologie Dobrogea, Constanta.
  • Burkhalter 1987, Burkhalter, F., “La Céramique Hellénistique et Romaine du Sanctuaire d’Aphrodite à Amathonte”. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, 111, 353-395.
  • Cassuis Dio, Romaika Dio’s Roman History (trans. E. Cary), 1968.
  • Cistov–Domzalski 2002, Cistov, D. E.– Domzalski, K., “Nymphaion-Results of Excavations in Sector N, 1994-1998”, Archeologia, LII, 97-136.
  • Condurachi 1966, Condurachi, E., Histria II. Bucharest.
  • Condurachi et. al. 1957, Condurachi, E.,– Pippidi, D. M.,– Tudor, D.,– Dimitriu, S.,– Zirra, V.,– Coja, M.,– Eftimie, V.,– Alexandrescu, P.,– Popescu, E.,– Berciu, D.– Preda, C., “Şantierul Arheologic Histria / Le Chantier Archéologique d’Histria”, Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, 4, 9-101.
  • Conze 1913, Conze, A., Stadt und Landschaft, Altertümer von Pergamon, Band I, Text 2, Berlin.
  • Cox 1949, Cox, D. H., “The Greek and Roman Pottery”, The Excavations at Dura-Europos, (eds. M. I. Rostovzeff–A. R. Bellinger –F. E. Brown –N. P. Toll–C. B. Welles), Oxford.
  • Crowfoot 1957, Crowfoot, G. M., “The Objects from Samaria”, Palestine Exploration Fund, (eds. J. W. Crowfoot–G. M. Crowfoot–K. M. Kenyon), London, 306-357.
  • Çiğdem 2007, Çiğdem, S., “Eskiçağ’da Trabzon Limanı: Askeri ve Ekonomik Yönden Gelişimi ve Doğu-Batı İlişkilerindeki Rolü”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10/2, 133-155.
  • Dashevskaya 1991, Dashevskaya, O. D., Pozdnıye Skify V Krymu, Moskva.
  • Dashevskaya 2014, Dashevskaya, O. D., Nekropol ’Belyausa, Simferopol.
  • De Luca 1968, De Luca, G., “Funde und Chronologie der Bauphasen”, Das Asklepieion. Das Asklepieion 1. Teil. Der südliche Temenosbezirk in Hellenistischer und Frührömischer Zeit, (eds. O. Ziegenaus–G. De Luca), Altertümer von Pergamon XI.1, 91-174.
  • Demyanchuk–Nessel 2011, Demyanchuk, S.–Nessel, V., “Novyye dannyye o fortifikatsionnykh sooruzheniyakh na peresheyke mayachnogo poluostrova”, Khersonesskiy Sbornik, Vypusk XVI, Sevastopol, 65-78.
  • Derin 1994, Derin, Z., “Aşağı Fırat Havzasındaki (Elazığ, Malatya Bölgesi) Yerleşim Merkezlerinde Ele Geçen Doğu Sigillatası A Türü Keramikler”, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Arkeoloji Dergisi, II, 149-172.
  • Doksanaltı 2006, Doksanaltı, E., Knidos Kap Krio Kazı Alanı (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Doksanaltı 2007, Doksanaltı, E., “Knidos- Kap Krio Çalışmalarında Bulunan Sarnıç Buluntuları-II Kulplu Kaseler”, İDOL, Arkeologlar Derneği Dergisi, 9/34, 8-14.
  • Doksanaltı 2014, Doksanaltı, E., “Three Hellenistic Tombs and Ceramic Finds from Knidos”, Iˊ Epıstımonıkı Synantısı Gıa Tın Ellınıstıkı Keramıkı Ioannına 5-9 Maḯou 2009, (eds. E. Kotsou–M. Kazakou), Athens, 323-336. Domzalski–Zhuravlev 2003, Domzalski, K.–Zhuravlev, D. V., “Bosporskaya Sigillata”, IV Bosporskiye chteniya. Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya, (ed. V. N. Zinko), Kerch, 89-92.
  • Domzalski–Zinko 1999, Domzalski, K.–Zinko, V. N., “Roman Fine Pottery from Rescue Excavations Conducted Outside the Defensive Walls of the Town of Nymphaion in 1995”. Archeologia, L, 73-82.
  • Domzalski 1996, Domzalski, K., “Terra Sigillata from Nymphaion. Survey 1994”, Archeologia, 47, 95–112.
  • Domzalski 1999, Domzalski, K., “Roman Fine Pottery From Rescue Excavations Conducted Outside the Defensive Walls of The Town of Nymphaion in 1995”, Archaeologia, 50, 73-82.
  • Domzalski 2007, Domzalski, K., “Changes in Late Classical and Hellenistic Fine Pottery Production in the Eastern Mediterranean as Reflected by Imports in the Pontic Area”, The Black Sea in Antiquity Regional and International Economic Exchanges Black Sea Studies 6, (eds. V. Gabrielsen–J. Lund), Aarhus, 1, 161-181.
  • Domzalski 2014, Domzalski, K., “The Pitane Workshop and the Most Successful Export of Eastern Sigillata C”, Late Hellenistic to Mediaeval Fine Wares of the Aegean Coast of Anatolia. Their Production, Imitation and Use, (eds. H. Meyza–K. Domzalski), Tome 1, Varsovie, 151-159.
  • Duman 2010, Duman, B., Laodikeia Helenistik ve Erken Roma Dönemi Seramiği (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Edwards 1975, Edwards, G. R., Corinthian Hellenistic Pottery (Corinth, 7.3), New Jersey.
  • Eiring 2001, Eiring, L. J., “The Hellenistic Period”, Knossos Pottery Handbook: Greek and Roman, (eds. J. N. Coldstream–L. J. Eiring– G. Forster), London, 91-136.
  • Elaigne 2000, Elaigne, S., “Fine Ware from Late Hellenistic (Second Half of the First Century BC), Augustan and Tiberian Deposits of the French Excavations in Alexandria (Egypt)”. RCRF Acta, 36, 19-30.
  • Elaigne 2002, Elaigne, S., “L’intoduction des Céramiques Fines Hellénistiques du Bassin Oriental de la Méditerranée à Alexandrie. Importations et Imitations Locales” Céramiques Hellénistiques et Romaines, TMO 35, Lyon, 159-173.
  • Elaigne 2007a, Elaigne, S., “Les Importations de Céramiques Fines Hellénistiques à Beyrouth (Site Bey 002): Aperçu Du Faciès Nord Levantin”, Syria, 84, 107-142.
  • Elaigne 2007b, Elaigne, S., “Approche de la Diffusion à Grande échelle des Céramiques Fines en Méditerranée Orientale Hellénistique d’Aprés les Données d’Alexandrie: L’Exemple Particulier des Sigilées Orientales A”, Topoi Suppl. 8, 201-214.
  • Elaigne 2007c, Elaigne, S., “La Circulation des Céramiques Fines Hellénistiques dans la Région Égéenne: un Aperçu à Partir du Mobilier de Délos et de Thasos”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Vol. 131/1, 515-557.
  • Elaigne 2013, Elaigne, S., “Éléments d’évaluation des Échelles de Diffusion de la Vaisselle de Table au IIe siècle avant J.-C. dans le Monde Hellénistique”, Pottery Markets in the Ancient Greek World (8th-1st centuries B.C.) Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Université libre de Bruxelles 19-21 June 2008, (eds. A. Tsingarida–D. Viviers), Bruxelles, 213-228.
  • Engelmann–Knibbe 1989, Engelmann, H.–Knibbe, D., Das Zollgesetz der Provinz Asia. Eine Neue Inschrift aus Ephesos. EA, 14.
  • Ergürer 2012, Ergürer, H. E., Parion Roma Dönemi Seramiği (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Erol–Aydın 2021, Erol, A. F.–Aydın, S., Fatsa Cıngırt Kayası Günlük Kullanım Kapları Işığında Antik Çağda Karadeniz Mutfak Kültürü. Ankara.
  • Erol–Tamer 2013, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “Fatsa Cıngırt Kayası’ndan Ele Geçen 10 Sikke Üzerine Gözlemler”, Seleucia ad Calycadnum, III, 159-181.
  • Erol–Tamer 2014a, Erol, A. F. –Tamer, D., “Fatsa Cıngırt Kayası 2012-2014 Sezonu Kazılarından Ele Geçen Ağırlıklar Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 15, 115-138.
  • Erol–Tamer 2014b, Erol, A. F. –Tamer, D., “The Excavation at Cıngırt Kayası: Assessments in the Light of Archaeological Findings”, Turkey Through The Eyes of Classical Archaeologists, (ed. E. Hrnčiarik). Trnava, 73-98.
  • Erol–Tamer 2016, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “Cıngırt Kayası Erken Bizans Dönemi Cam Buluntuları”, Seleucia ad Calycadnum, VI, 199-239.
  • Erol–Tamer 2017, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “Ordu-Fatsa Cıngırt Kayası Kazısı Hellenistik Dönem Kalıp Yapımı Kabartmalı Kaseleri”, Anadolu/Anatolia, 43, 111-145.
  • Erol–Tamer 2018a, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “The Place of Cıngırt Kayası in the Pontic Region During the Reign of Mithridates VI”, , Studies In Honour of Jan Bouzek, (ed. P. Pavúk–V. Klontza-Jaklová–A. Harding), Prag, 541-558.
  • Erol–Tamer 2018b, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “Fatsa/Cıngırt Kayası 2012-2014 Sezonu Kazılarından Ele Geçen Unguentariumlar”, SEFAD, 39, 267-292.
  • Erol–Tamer 2019, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “Fatsa/Cıngırt Kayası Kazılarından Ele Geçen Kolkhis Amphoraları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Cevat Başaran’a 60. Yaş Armağanı, (eds. V. Keleş–H. Kasapoğlu–H. E. Ergürer–E. Çelikbaş– A. Yılmaz), Ankara, 99-128.
  • Erol–Tamer 2020, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “Evaluations on Colchian Amphorae Retrieved from Fatsa/Cıngırt Kayası Excavations”, RCRF Acta, 46, 527-541.
  • Erol–Tamer 2021a, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “Recent Finds of Hellenistic Mould-made Relief Bowls from the Ordu/Fatsa Cingirt Kayasi Excavations in the Southern Black Sea Region”, The Greeks and Romans in the Black Sea and the Importance of the Pontic Region for the Graeco-Roman World (7th century BC-5th century AD): 20 Years on (1997-2017), (eds. G. R. Tsetskhladze–A. Avram–J. Hargrave), Oxford, 561-570.
  • Erol–Tamer 2021b, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D., “An Ancient Settlement on the Northeastern Shores of Turkey Cıngırt Kayası: Commercial Connections Between Sinope and Cıngırt Kayası in Light of Sinopean Amphorae” Communication Through the Ages: People, Objects, Ideas (From the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity), Anodos- Studies of the Ancient World 15, (eds. K. Kuzmova–M. Danova –L. Novakova), Trnava, 99-120.
  • Erol–Ünal 2012, Erol, A. F.– Ünal, E., “Fatsa Cıngırt Kayasından Ele Geçen Bizans Kurşun Mührü”, Ömer Çapar’a Armağan, (eds. M. A. Kaya–T. Yiğit–A. Sina), Ankara, 117-122.
  • Erol–Yıldırım 2016, Erol, A. F. –Yıldırım, E., “Fatsa Cıngırt Kayası Kazısında Bulunan Ok Uçları”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat, 153, 133-148.
  • Erol 2013, Erol, A. F., “Ordu İli, Fatsa İlçesi Arkeolojik Yüzey Araştırması 2011”, AST 30/2, Çorum 2012, Ankara, 183-196.
  • Erol 2014, Erol, A. F., “Ordu İli Fatsa İlçesi Cıngırt Kayası Kazısı 2013”, KST 36/1, Gaziantep 2014, Ankara, 383-400.
  • Erol 2015, Erol, A. F., “New Findings on the History and Archaeology of the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: The Excavation at Cıngırt Kayası”, The Danubian Lands between the Black, Aegean and Adriatic Seas (7th Century BC–10th Century AD) Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities, (eds. G. R. Tsetskhladze–A. Avram–J. Hargrave), Belgrade 2013, Oxford, 451-460.
  • Erol 2020, Erol, A. F., Yüzey Araştırmaları Işığında Fatsa, Ankara.
  • Erol et. al. 2019, Erol, A. F.–Tamer, D.–Akkuş-Koçak, E., “The Roman and Byzantine Glass Finds from Ordu/Fatsa Cıngırt Kayası Excavations”, Studies in Honour of Eugenia Equini Schneider, (eds. A. Polosa–H. A. Kızılarslanoğlu), İstanbul, 217-232.
  • Etienne–Braun 1986, Etienne, R.–Braun, J. P., Tenos. 1, Le Sanctuaire de Poseidon et d’Amphitrite. Paris.
  • Fedorov–Polevoy 1973, Fedorov, G. B.–Polevoy, L. L., Arkheologıya Rumynii, Moskova.
  • Fırat 1999, Perge Konut Alanı Keramiği (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Filges 1990, Filges, A., “Hellenistische und Kaiserzeitliche Unverzierte Dünnwandige Keramik”, Asia Minor Studien, Band 2, 79-89.
  • Gassner 1997, Gassner, V., Das Südtor der Tetragonos–Agora, Keramik und Kleinfund, FiE 13/1/1, Wien.
  • Glebov et. al. 2005, Glebov, V. P.–Sergej, M. I.–Tolocko, I. V., “Waffen aus hellenistischen Gräbern in der Nekropole von Tanais” Kolonisation Interaktion-Integration. Zur Genese antiker Gemeinwesen am Pontos Euxeinos am Beispiel der Handelsstadt Tanais am Don (ed. J. Fornasier), Berlin, 231-267.
  • Goldman 1950, Goldman, H., “Chronology of the Levels”, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. Volume I. The Hellenistic and Roman Periods, (ed. H. Goldman), Princeton, New Jersey, 29-37.
  • Goldstream 1968, Goldstream, N., Greek Geometric Pottery, London.
  • Gravani 2004, Gravani, K., “Erythrovafís keramikí ton ellinistikón chrónon apó tin Kassópi”, St Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki Provlimata Chronologisis Kleista Synola–Ergastiria Volos 17-23 Apriliou 2000. Athina, 569-584.
  • Gunneweg et. al. 1983, Gunneweg, J.–Perlman, I.–Yellin, J., “The Provenience, Typology and Chronology of Eastern Terra Sigillata”, Qedem, 17/III,/V-VIII, 1-120.
  • Guz-Zilberstein 1995, Guz-Zilberstein, B., “The Typology of the Hellenistic Coarse Ware and Selected Loci of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods”, Qedem Reports. Excavations at Dor, Final Report Volume I B, Areas A and C: The Finds, (eds. A. Belfer-Cohen–A. Ben-Tor–Y. Tsafrir), Jarusalem, 289-433.
  • Güngör-Alper 2014, Güngör-Alper, E., “Hellenistic and Roman Period Ceramic Finds from the Balatlar Church Excavations in Sinop between 2010-2012”, Anatolia Antiqua, XXII, 35-49.
  • Gürler 1994, Gürler, B., Metropolis’in Hellenistik Dönem Seramiği, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Handberg–Petersen 2010, Handberg, S. –Petersen, J. H., “D Black-glossed Pottery”, The Lower City of Olbia (Sector NGS) in the 6th Century BC to the 4th Century AD., Black Sea Studies 13, (eds. N. A. Lejpunskaja–P. Guldager- Bilde–J. M. Højte–V. V. Krapivina–S. D. Kryžickij), Aarhus, 185-260.
  • Harlaut 2002, Harlaut, C., “Productions céramiques égyptiennes d’Alexandrie à l’époque ptolémaïque. Évolution des formes et des fabriques: traditions locales et innovations”, Céramiques hellénistiques et romaines, productions et diffusion en Méditerranée orientale (Chypre, Égypte et côte syro-palestinienne). Actes du colloque tenu à la Maison de l’Orient méditerranéen Jean Pouilloux du 2 au 4 mars 2000. Tome 35. Lyon, 263-287.
  • Hayes 1971, Hayes, J. W., “A New Type of Early Christian Ampulla”, British School at Athens, 66, 243-248.
  • Hayes 1972, Hayes, J. W., Late Roman Pottery, London.
  • Hayes 1973, Hayes, J. W., “Roman Pottery from the South Stoa at Corinth”, Hesperia, Vol. 42, 416-470.
  • Hayes 1985, Hayes, J. W., “Sigillate Orientali”, Atlante. Delle Forme Ceramiche. II. Ceramica Fine Romana Nel BacinoMediterraneo. Roma, 1-96., Tav. I-XXIII.
  • Hayes 1991, Hayes, J. W., The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery. Paphos III. Nicosia.
  • Hayes 2008, Hayes, J. W., “Roman Pottery: Fine-Ware Imports”. The Athenian Agora, 32, Roman Pottery: Fine-WareImports. Princeton.
  • Hellström 1965, Hellström, P., Pottery of Classical and Later Date Terracotta Lamps and Glass, Labraunda, Swedish Excavations and Researches, II/1, Lund.
  • Hojte 2009, Hojte, J. M. (ed.), “The Administrative Organisation of the Pontic Kingdom”, Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom, Black Sea Studies 9, Aarhus, 95-108.
  • Holland 1976, Holland, T. A., “Preliminary Report on Excavations at Tell Sweyhat, Syria, 1973-4”, Levant, Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, VIII, 36-70.
  • Hübner 1993, Die Applikeramik von Pergamon, New York.
  • Inadze 1962, Inadze, M., “Savachro urtiertobata istoriidan dzvel kolkhetshi (A Contribution to the History of Trade in Ancient Colchis)”, Kavkasiur-Abhloaghmosavluri krebuli, II, 81-124.
  • Işın 2008, Işın, G., “The Preliminary Report on the Hellenistic Pottery of Patara From the ‘Tepecik Hill’ Excavations”, Asia Minor Studien, Band 55, 157-171.
  • İnan 2018, İnan, F., “Arrianus’un “Arriani Periplus Ponti Euxini/Arrianus’un Karadeniz Seyahati” Adlı Eserine Göre Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki Küçük Limanlar”, Journal of Black Sea Studies, 24, 155-182.
  • Jantzen 2004, Jantzen, U., Samos XX. Die Wasserleitung des Eupalinos auf Samos: die Funde. Bonn. Kommission bei Habelt. Johansen 1971, Johansen, C. F., “Les terres sigillées orientales”, Hama: Fouilles et recherches 19311938 III 2, (eds. A. P. Christensen.–C. F. Johansen), Foundation Carlsberg Copenhagen, 55-204.
  • Johansen 1986, Johansen, C. F., “Les terres sigillées orientales”, Hama: Fouilles et recherches 19311938 III 3. The Graeco-Roman Objects of Clay, The Coins and the Necropolis, (eds. A. P. Christensen–R. Thomsen–G. Ploug), Foundation Carlsberg Copenhagen, 55-204.
  • Jones 1950, Jones, F. F., “The Pottery”, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. Volume I. The Hellenistic and Roman Periods, Ed. H. Goldman, Princeton, New Jersey, 149-296.
  • Kamadadze 2019, Kamadadze, K., “Trading and Economic Relations between South-Western Georgia and Sinope in the Roman Period”, International Symposium on Sinope and Black Sea Archaeology. Ancient Sinope and The Black Sea, (eds. H. Kaba–G. Kan Şahin–B. M. Akarsu–O. Bozoğlan), 13-15 October 2017, Sinop, 91-98.
  • Kamenetsky 1993, Kamenetsky, I. S., Gorodishcha Donskikh Meotov. Voprosy datirovki. Moskova.
  • Karjaka 2010, Karjaka, A. V., “H Redware pottery”, The Lower City of Olbia (Sector NGS) in the 6th Century BC to the 4th Century AD, Black Sea Studies 13, (eds. A. Lejpunskaja–P. Guldager-Bilde– J. M. Højte–V. V. Krapivina–S. D. Kryžickij), Aarhus, 305-324.
  • Kassab–Tuna 1987, Kassab, D.–Tuna, N., “Rapport Préliminaire de la Prospection Archéologique d’Ateliers de Céramique Dans la Région de Tekir/Yazı Köy a İmamınburnu”, Anatolia Antiqua, I, 53-59.
  • Kassab-Tezgör et. al. 2003, Kassab-Tezgör, D.–Lemaitre, S.–Pieri, D., “La collection d’amphores d’Ismail Karakan a Sinop”, Anatolia Antiqua, 21, 169-200.
  • Kee 1971, Kee, H. C., “The Pottery”, Ashdood II-III. The Second and Third Seasons of Excavations 1963, 1965. Soundings in 1967. Text. (ed. M. Dothan), Jerusalem, 4-62.
  • Kenrick 1985, Kenrick, P. M., The Fine Pottery Excavations at Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi, Berenice 3.1. Tripoli.
  • Kenyon 1957, Kenyon, K. M., “The Objects from Samaria. Palestine Exploration Fund”, (eds. J. W. Crowfoot–G. M. Crowfoot– K. M. Kenyon), London, 217-235, 281-306.
  • Khrapunov et. al. 1997, Khrapunov, I. N.–Masyakin, V. V.–Mul’d, S. A., “Pozdneskifskiy mogil’nik U s. Kol’chugino”, Bakhchisarayskiy Istoriko-Arkheologicheskiy Sbornik, Vypusk I, 76-155.
  • Knigge 2005, Knigge, U., Kerameikos. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen. Band XVII. München.
  • Knipovitch 1949, Knipovitch, T. N., Tanais, Akademiya Nauk Sssr Institut Istorii Material’noy Kul’tury. Moskva.
  • Kolia 2006, Kolia, E. I., Ellinistiki Keramiki Apo Ti Naxo, Athina.
  • Korpusova 1983, Korpusova, K. N., Nekropol’ Zolotoye (K etnokul’turnoy istorii yevropeyskogo Bospora), Kiev.
  • Koshelenko et. al. 2010, Koshelenko, G. A.–Malyshev, A. A.–Ulitin, V. V., “Trade”, Antichnoye Naslediye Kubani, (eds. G. M. Bongrad-Levin–V. D. Kuznetsov), Moscva, 256-289.
  • Kögler 2010, Kögler, P., Feinkeramik aus Knidos vom mittleren Hellenismus bis in die mitlere Kaiserzeit. Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden.
  • Kögler 2014, Kögler, P., “Table Ware from Knidos: The Local Production during the 2nd and 1st Centuries BC”, Pottery, People, and Places: Study and Interpretation of Late Hellenistic Pottery. BSS 16, (eds. P. Guldager- Bilde–M. L. Lawall), Aarhus University Press, 157-174.
  • Körsulu 2011, Körsulu, H., Kappadokia-Komana’sı Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemi Seramikleri, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin.
  • Körsulu 2013, Körsulu, H., “Kappadokia Komanası Sigillataları”, Olba, XXI, 181-313.
  • Kramer 2004, Kramer, N., Gindaros. Geschicte und Archäologie einer Siedlung im nordwestlichen Syrien von hellenistischer bis in frühbyzantinische Zeit. Rahden/Westf.
  • Krapivina 2010, Krapivina, V. V., “E Red-glossed pottery”, The Lower City of Olbia (Sector NGS) in the 6th Century BC to the 4th Century AD., Black Sea Studies 13, (eds. N. A. Lejpunskaja–P. Guldager-Bilde–J. M. Højte–V. V. Krapivina–S. D. Kryžickij), Aarhus, 261-267.
  • Krapivina 2014, Krapivina, V. V., “Late Hellenistic Red-Slip Ware in Olbia”, Pottery, Peoples and Places. Study and Interpretation of Late Hellenistic Pottery. Black Sea Studies 16, (eds. P. Guldager-Bilde–M. L. Lawall), Aarhus, 287-294.
  • Ladstätter–Lang-Auinger 2001, Ladstätter, S.–Lang-Auinger, C., “Zur Datierung und kunsthistorischen Einordnung apollon Kitharodos-Statuette”, Studien zur hellenistischen Keramik in Ephesos, (ed. F. Krizinger), Wien, 71-82. Lantsov–Trufanov 1999, Lantsov, S. B.–Trufanov, A., “Stolovaya poşuda a lakovy pokrytiyem iz Kutlaksoy kreposti”, Drevnosti Bospora, 2, 161-173.
  • Lapp 1961, Lapp, P. W., Palestinian Ceramic Chronology 200 B.C.–A.D. 70, New Haven.
  • Lätzer 2009, Lätzer, A., “Studien zu einem späthellenistisch-frührömischen Fundkomplex aus dem Hanghaus 2”, Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institute, 78, 123-220.
  • Leroux 1913, Leroux, G., Lagynos: Recherches Sur la Céramique et l’art Ornemental Hellénistiques, Paris.
  • Levi 1964, Levi, E. I., “Keramičeskij Kompleks III-II vv. do n.e. iz Raskopok Ol’vijskoj Agory”, Temenos i Agora, (ed. V. F. Gajdukevič), Moskva, Leningrad, 225-280.
  • Liko 2010, Liko, H., “Keramikauswertung”, Das sog. Lukasgrab Ephesos. Eine Fallstudie zur Adaption antiker Monumente in byzantinischer Zeit, FiE 4/4, (ed. A. Pülz), Wien, 186-344.
  • Loeschcke 1912, Loeschcke, S., Sigillata-Töpfereien in Tschandarli. Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich-Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung, 37.
  • Lomtadze–Kamelina 2008, Lomtadze, G. A.–Kamelina, G. A., “Pervyye itogi issledovaniya antichnogo pamyatnika na severo-vostoke Tamanskogo poluostrov “Akhtanizovskaya 4”, Drevnosti Bospora, 12.II, 413-421.
  • Lomtadze–Zhuravlev 2004, Lomtadze, G. –Zhuravlev, D., “Amphora from a Late Hellenistic Cistern at Pantikapaion”, Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean, (eds. J. Eiring–J. Lund), The Danist Institute at Athens, Aarhus, 203-209.
  • Lomtadze 2015, Lomtadze, G. A., Tsarskaya Khora Bospora (po materialam raskopok v Krymskom Priazov’ye) Keramicheskaya tara iz raskopok poseleniy IV–pervoy treti III v do n.e. Moskva.
  • Lordkipanidze 1985, Lordkipanidze, O., Zapadnoye Zakavkaz’ye Drevneyshiye gosudarstva Kavkaza i Sredney Azii. Arkheologiya SSSR. M. Lund 2005, Lund, J., “An Economy of Consumption: The Eastern Sigillata A Industry in the Late Hellenistic Period”, Making, Moving and Managing. The New World of Ancient Economies, 323-31 B.C., (eds. Z. H. Archibald–J. K. Davies–V. Gabrielsen), Oxford, 233-252.
  • Maksimova 1979, Maksimova, M. I., Artyukhovskii Kurgan, Leningrad.
  • Marzec et. al. 2018, Marzec, E.–Kiriatzi, E.–Müller, N. S.–Hein, A., “The provenance and technology of a group of Hellenistic colour-coated ware pottery from the excavations at Nea Paphos on Cyprus”, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 21, 1035-1043.
  • Marzec et. al. 2019, Marzec, E.–Kiriatzi, E.–Müller, N. S.–Hein, A., “An integrated typological, technological and provenance investigation of Late Hellenistic colour-coated pottery from Nea Paphos, Cyprus”, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11, 4103–4122.
  • Maslennikov 1998, Maslennikov, A. A., Ellinskaya khora na krayu Oykumeny Sel’skaya territoriya yevropeyskogo Bospora v antichnuyu epokhu, Moskva.
  • Matiashvili 1977, Matiashvili, N., Iz Ekonomicheskoy Iistorii Gorodov Kholhidy III-I V. dn. n.e. (po keramicheskomu materialu). Tibilisi.
  • Matiashvili 2004, Matiashvili, N., “The Red-Gloss Pottery from Vani in Colchis”, Pontus and the Outside World. Studies in Black Sea History, Historiography and Archaeology Colloquia Pontica, 9, (ed. C. J. Tuplin), Leiden- Boston, 121-130.
  • Matthers et. al. 1978, Matthers, J. et al.,“Tell Rifa’at 1977: Preliminary Report of an Archaeological Survey”. Iraq, 40/2, 119-162.
  • Medvedev 2012, Medvedev, A. P., “Detskoye pogrebeniye s sindskoy skul’pturoy iz Fanagorii”, Yevraziya V Skifo-Sarmatskoye Vremya Pamyati Iriny Ivanovny Gushchinoy, (eds. D. V. Zhuravlev–K. B. Firsov), Moskva, 307-314.
  • Medvedev 2013, Medvedev, A. P., “Pozdneantichnyy nekropol’ Fanagorii 4-5 vv. (raskopki 2005 g.)”, Fanagoriya. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii Fanagorii. Institut arkheologii RAN, Tom 1, 330-402.
  • Medvedev 2014, Medvedev, A. P., “O Khronologıı Ellınıstıcheskıkh Pogrebenıy Fanagorıı (po materialam raskopok Vostochnogo nekropolya 2005–2007 godov)”, Vestnık Vgu. Serıya: Istorıya. Polıtologıya. Sotsıologıya, 1, 3-13.
  • Meriç 2002, Meriç, R., Späthellenistisch-römische Keramik und Kleinfunde aus einem Schachtbrunnen am Staatsmarkt in Ephesos. FiE IX/3. Wien.
  • Meyer-Schlichtmann 1988, Meyer-Schlichtmann, C., Die Pergamenische Sigillata aus der Stadtgrabung von Pergamon. Berlin, New York.
  • Meyza–Peignard-Giros 2011, Meyza, H.–Peignard-Giros, A., The sigillata of Delos, Greece Archaeological Report. Etudes et travaux. Studia i prace. Travaux du Centre d’archéologie méditerranéenne de l’Académie des sciences polonaise, 24.
  • Meyza 2000, Meyza, H., “Early Eastern Sigillata A from Paphos, Cyprus”, E Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki. Chronologika Provlimata Kleista Synola-Ergastiria Praktika Keímena. Atina, 237-244.
  • Michelucci 1985, Michelucci, M., “Le Stibi Votive Dall’Agora Di Iasos”, Bolloettino D’Arte, Supplemento al nr. 31-32, 93-103.
  • Mitchell 1980, Mitchell, S., Aşvan Kale. Keban Rescue Axcavations, Eastern Anatolia. I. The Hellenistic, Roman and Islamic Sites. British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph No. I. Oxford.
  • Mitford 1980, Mitford, T. B., “Cappadocia and Armenia Minor: Historical Setting of the Limes”, Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.13, (eds. H. Temporini–W. Haase), 1169-1228.
  • Mitsopoulos-Leon 1991, Mitsopoulos-Leon, V., Die Basilika am Staatsmarkt in Ephesos. Kleinfunde 1. Teil. Keramik hellenistischer und römischer Zeit, FiE 9/2/2. Wien.
  • Mlynarczyk 2000, Mlynarczyk, J., “Pottery from the Hellenistic Cistern at Sha’ar ha-Amakim”, E’Epistimoniki Synantisi gia tin Ellinistiki Keramiki. Praktika. Athina, 225-235.
  • Mlynarczyk 2002, Mlynarczyk, J., “Hellenistic fine wares at Tell Keisan. A Pattern of importations”, Céramiques hellénistiques et romaines, productions et diffusion en Méditerranée orientale (Chypre, Égypte et côte syro-palestinienne), (eds. F. Blondé–P. Ballet–J. F. Salles), Actes du colloque tenu à la Maison de l’Orient méditerranéen Jean Pouilloux du 2 au 4 mars 2000, Lyon, 117-132. , Negev 1974, Negev, A., The Nabatean Potter’s Workshop at Oboda, Bonn.
  • Negev 1986, Negev, A., “The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Pottery Of Nabatean Oboda: Final Report”, Qedem, Vol. 22, I-XXII, 1-144.
  • Oliver–Rotroff 2003, Oliver, A. Jr.– Rotroff, S. I., “I. Wheelmade Wares”, The Hellenistic Pottery from Sardis: The Finds through 1994 (Archaeological Exploration of Sardis. Monograph 12). Cambridge, London, 19-88.
  • Olshausen–Biller 1984, E. Olshausen–J. Biller, Historisch-geographische Aspekte der Geschichte des Pontischen und Armenischen Reiches. Teil I. Untersuchungen zur historischen Geographie von Pontos unter den Mithridatiden,TAVO B 29/1, Wiesbaden.
  • Outschar 1996, Outschar, U., “Dokumentation Exemplarisch Ausgewählter Keramischer Fundkomplexe”, Hanghaus 1 in Ephesos, Der Baubefund, (eds. C. Lang-Auinger), FiE. Band VIII/3. Wien, 27-64.
  • Pappa 2000, Pappa, V., “Erythrovafis Keramiki Apo Tin Amorgo”, A’ Synántisi Gia Tin Ellinistikí Keramikí, (eds. A. Marankou–I. A. Papapostoaou–V. Pappa), Archaiologikó Institoúto Dodekanísou Ródos. Apoílios, 125-135.
  • Papuci-Wladyka 1994, Papuci-Wladyka, E., “Ellinistikí keramikí ápó tin polonikí ánaskafí stín Páfo tis Kýprou Dexamení W/73 (Pínakes 208-217)”, G’ Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki Chronologimena Synola-Ergastiria 24-27 Septemvrıou 1991 Thessalonıkı. Atina, 257-268.
  • Parovich-Peshikan 1974, Parovich-Peshikan, M., Nekropol Olvii Ellenisticeskogo Vremini, Kiev.
  • Peignard 1997, Peignard, A., “La Vaisselle de la Maison des Sceaux, Délos”. D’ Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki. Chronologika Provlimata Kleista Synola-Ergastiria. Praktika Keimena. Mytilīnī, Mάrtios 1994. Atina, 308-316.
  • Pinkwart–Stammitz 1984, Pinkwart, D.–Stammitz, W., Peristylhäuser westlich der Unteren Agora, AvP XIV. Berlin.
  • Plutarkhos, Lucullus, Pompeius, Sulla, Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi, Plutarch’s Lives, (trans. B. Perrin), I-XI. London, New York, 1959.
  • Potsi 2013, Potsi, D., Lepti Ellinistiki Keramiki Apo To Iero Tou Apollona Tis Archaias Alasarnas Tis Ko. Didaktoriki Diatrivi Panepistimio Athinon. Athina.
  • Rembart 2009, Rembart, L., Die Datierung des sogenannten Serapeion in Ephesos anhand des stratifizierten Fundmaterials. Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Universität Wien.
  • Riley 1979, Riley, J. A., “The Coarse Pottery from Berenice”, Excavations at Sidi Khrebish Benghazi (Berenice) II, (ed. J. A. Lyod), Libya Antiqua Suppl. 5, 2. Tripoli, 91-467.
  • Robinson 1959, Robinson, H. R., Pottery of the Roman Period: Chronology. The Athenian Agora, Vol. 5, Pottery of the Roman Period: Chronology. Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Rotroff–Oliver 2003, Rotroff, S. I.–Oliver, A. Jr., The Hellenistic Pottery from Sardis: The Finds Through 1994. Archaeological Exploration of Sardis. Monograph 12. London.
  • Rotroff 1997, Rotroff, S. I., Hellenistic Pottery Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material, The Athenian Agora XXIX. Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Rotroff 2006, Rotroff, S. I., Hellenistic Pottery The Plain Wares, The Athenian Agora XXXIII. Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Rotroff 2014, Rotroff, S. I., “Sulla and the Pirates”, Pottery, Peoples and Places. Study and Interpretation of Late Hellenistic Pottery. Black Sea Studies 16, (eds. P. Guldager-Bilde–M. L. Lawall), Aarhus, 83-109.
  • Rougé 1966, Rougé, J., Recherches sur l’organisation du commerce maritime en Méditerranée sous l’Empire romain, Paris.
  • Saprykin 2007, Saprykin, S. Ju., “The Unification of Pontos: the Bronze Coins of Mithridates VI Eupator as Evidence for Commerce in Euxine”, The Black Sea in Antiquity Regional and Interregional Economic Exchanges, Black Sea Studies 6, (eds. V. Gabrielsen–J. Lund), Aarhus, 195-208.
  • Schäfer 1962, Schäfer, J., “Terra Sigillata aus Pergamon“, Archäologischer Anzeiger, 77, 777-802.
  • Schäfer 1968, Schäfer, J., Hellenistische Keramik aus Pergamon. Pergamenischen Forschungen. Berlin.
  • Schmaltz 1994, Schmaltz, B., “Kaunos 1988-1991”, Archäologisher Anzeiger, 185-237.
  • Schneider–Daszkiewicz 2020, Schneider, G.–Daszkiewicz, M.,“Late Hellenistic And Roman Tableware in the Aegean and The Black Sea Region–Why We Need Chemical Analysis”, RCRF Acta, 46, 429-436.
  • Schneider 1995, Schneider, G., “Roman Red and Black Slipped Pottery from NE-Syria and Jorhan First Result of Chemical Analysis”, Hellenistic and Roman Poettery in the Eastern Mediterranean–Advances in Scientific Studies, Acts of the II Nieborow Pottery Workshop, (ed. H. Meyza–J. Mıynarczyk), Nieborow, 415-422.
  • Schneider 1996, Schneider, G., “Compositional Analysis of Terra Sigillata from Nymphaion”, Archeologia, XLVII, 109-112.
  • Shaptsev 2016, Shaptsev, M. S., “Ekonomicheskiye svyazi varvarskogo naseleniya severo-zapadnogo Kryma Vo II v. do n.e.–Nachale II v. n.e. Po Amfornoy Tare I Krasnolakovoy Keramike”, Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kul’tury, 2, 163–178.
  • Silantyeva 1958, Silantyeva, L. F., “Krasnolakovaya keramika iz raskopok Ilurata”, MIA, 85, 283-311.
  • Simonenko 1993, Simonenko, A. V., Sarmaty Tavrii. Kiyevskaya Akademiya Yevrobiznesa, Kiyev.
  • Slane 1997, Slane, K. W., “The Fine Wares”, Tel Anafa II, i. The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery, (ed. S. C. Herbert), Ann Arbor, 247-406.
  • Slane-Wright 1980, Slane-Wright, K., “A Tiberian Pottery Deposit from Corint”, Hesperia, 49/2, 135-177.
  • Sokolsky 1976, Sokolsky, N. I., Tamanskiy Tolos I Rezidentsiya Khrisaliska, Moskva.
  • Son–Shaptsev 2012, Son, N. A.–Shaptsev, M. S., “Krasnolakovaya Keramika Iz Tiry”, Arkheolohiya i davnya istoriya Ukrayiny, 8, 83-103.
  • Sparkes–Talcott 1970, Sparkes, L.–Talcott, B. A., Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th, 5th and 4th Centuries B.C, The Athenian Agora XII, Princeton.
  • Stamoudi 2004, Stamoudi, A., “Ta ellinistiká pinákia apó ton Achinó”, St’ Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki Provlimata Chronologisis Kleista Synola–Ergastiria Volos 17-23 Apriliou 2000. Atina, 161-172.
  • Strabon, The Geography of Strabo (trans. H. L. Jones), London, New York, 1917-1932.
  • Symonovich 1983, Symonovich, E. A., Naseleniye Stolitsy Pozdneye Skifskogo Tsarstva.
  • Şenyurt et. al. 2018, S. Y. Şenyurt–A. Akçay–E. Bulut, “Kurul Kalesi 2016 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 39/3, Bursa 2017, Bursa, 133-146.
  • Şenyurt et. al. 2019, Şenyurt, S. Y.–Akçay, A.–Bulut, A. E. –Zoroğlu, U.–Yorulmaz, L.–Akgönül, S. O., “Kurul Kalesi 2017 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 40/3, Çanakkale 2018, Ankara, 691-712.
  • Şenyurt et. al. 2020, Şenyurt, S. Y.–Akçay, A.–Zoroğlu, U.–Bulut, A. E. –Yorulmaz, L.–Akgönül, S. O., “Kurul Kalesi 2018 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 41/4, Diyarbakır 2019, Ankara, 505-524.
  • Tacitus, Annales. The Annals. (trans. J. Jackson), London 1969.
  • Takmer 2013, Takmer, B., “Anadolu’nun Önemli Tarihi Yazıtları 4: Asia Eyaleti Gümrük Yasası”, Eskiçağ Yazıları 4, (eds. E. Eda Akyürek–M. Ertan Yıldız– H. Uzunoğlu–B. Takmer– F. Onur–M. Alkan–F. Avcu– A. V. Çelgin), İstanbul, 103-206.
  • Tamer 2022, Tamer, D., Pontos Bölgesi Cıngırt Kayası (Ordu-Fatsa) Yerleşimi Seramik Buluntuları, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Tavukçu 2006, Tavukçu, Z. A., Parion Nekropolü 2005 Yılı Buluntuları, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Tekkök et. al. 2001, Tekkök, B.– Wallrodt, S.–Yumni Gündem, C.–Rose, C. B., “Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadradts C29 and w28”, Studia Troica, 11, 343-382.
  • Tekkök-Biçken 1996, Tekkök-Biçken, B., The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery from Troia: Second Century B.C. to Sixth Century A.D.,Missiori University, Columbia.
  • Thompson 1934, Thompson, H. A., “Two Centuries of Hellenistic Pottery”. Excavations in the Athenian Agora Fifth Reports Two Centuries of Hellenistic Pottery”, Hesperia, III-4, 311-476.
  • Tiurin 2019, Tiurin, M. I., “Kruglaya Postroyka Ellinisticheskogo Vremeni Iz Raskopok Usad’by Uchastka 320 Na Gerakleyskom Poluostrove”, Khersonesskiy Sbornik, Vypusk XX, 248-273.
  • Tolstikov–Zhuravlev 2004, Tolstikov, V.–Zhuravlev, D., “Hellenistic pottery from two cisterns on the acropolis of Panticapaeum”, Praktiká tīs ST’ Epistīmonikī Synántīsī gia tīn Ellīnistikī Keramikī. Provlīmata chronolό- gīsīs–kleistá synola, ergastīria. Vόlos 17–23 Aprilίoy 2000. Athīna, 269–276.
  • Tolstikov et. al. 2003, Tolstikov, V.–Zhuravlev, D. V.–Lomtadze, G. A., “Keramicheskiy kompleks pozdneellinisticheskogo vremeni iz Pantikapeya”, Bosporskiye Isspedovaniya, Vvp. III, 289-314.
  • Trakosopoulou-Salakidou 2004, Trakosopoulou-Salakidou, E., “Kanthos: Ellinistikí keramikí”, St’ Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki Provlimata Chronologisis Kleista Synola–Ergastiria Volos 17-23 Apriliou 2000. Atina, 173-184.
  • Tuna 1999, Tuna, N., “Batı Anadolu’da Geç Klasik Dönem Kentleşme Hareketleri”, Intenational Symposium on Settlement and Housing in Anatolia Through The Ages. Habitat II, İstanbul 1996, İstanbul, 477-494.
  • Unterkirchner 1983, Unterkirchner, E. ,“Terra Sigillata aus dem Heraion von Samos”, Athenische Abteilung, Band 98, 173-214.
  • Ushakov 2010, Ushakov, S. V., “Keramicheskiy Kompleks Khersonesa Tavricheskogo (Po Materialam Rabot Bsp-Prichernomorskogo Proyekta U «Baziliki 1935 G.»”, Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Kryma, Vyp. II, 7-26.
  • Ushakov et. al. 2016, Ushakov, S.–Tiurin, M.–Lesnaya, E., “The New Hellenistic Assemblages from the North-Eastern District of the Tauric Chersonesos”, Traditions and Innovations Tracking the Development of Pottery from the Late Classical to the Early Imperial Periods; IARPOTHP, 1, (eds. S. Japp–P. Kögler), Wien, 491-502.
  • Uygun 2011, Uygun, Ç., Tepecik Kırmızı Astarlı Seramikleri (İ.Ö. 2. YY-İ.S. 4. YY), İstanbul.
  • Uzhentsev–Trufanov 2004, Uzhentsev, V. B.–Trufanov, A. A., “Krasnolakovaya Keramika Iz Kalos Limena”, Khersonesskıy Sbornık, Vypusk XIII, 265- 284.
  • Vaag et. al. 2002, Vaag, L. E.–Nørskov, V.–Lund, J., The Pottery: Ceramic Material and other Finds from Selected Contexts, Maussolleion at Halikarnassos, 7, Aarhus.
  • Vanderhoeven 1989, Vanderhoeven, M., Les Terres Sigillées (1966-1972) Fouilles d’Apamée de Syrie, IX.1, Bruxelles.
  • Vessberg–Westholm 1956, Vessberg, O. –Westholm, A., The Hellenistic and Roman Periods in Cyprus, The Swedish Cyprus Expedition, Vol. IV-3. Stockholm.
  • Vinokurov 1999, Vinokurov, N. I., “Raskopki gorodishcha Lrteziai v 1997-1998 gg. (Issledovaniye severo-zapadnogo uchastka raskopa I)”, Drevnosti Bospora, 2, 39-77.
  • Vnukov–Lagutin 2001, Yu. Vnukov, S.–Lagutin, A. B., “Zemlyanyye Sklepy Pozdneskifskogo Mogil’nika Kara-Tobe V Severo-Zapadnom Krymu”, Pozdniye skify Kryma, (eds. I. I. Gushchina–D. V. Zhuravlev), Moskova, 96-120.
  • Vnukov 2006, Vnukov, S. Yu., Prichernomorskie amfory I v. do n.e.–II v. n.e. 2 (Petrografiya, hronologiya, problemy torgovli), St. Petersburg.
  • Vnukov 2009, Vnukov, S. Yu., “Problems of “brown clay” (Colchean) Amphora Studies. Typology, Chronology, Production Centers, Distribution”, PATABS I. Production and Trade of Amphorae in the Black Sea: Actes de la Table Ronde internationale de Batoumi et Trabzon, (eds. D. Kassab-Tezgör–N. Inaishvili), 27−29 Avril 2006, Varia Anatolica, XXI, Paris, 29-32.
  • Vnukov 2017, Yu. Vnukov, S., “Overseas trade in the Black sea Region and the Formation of the Pontic Market from the First Century BCE to the Third Century CE”, The Northern Black Sea in Antıquity: Networks, Connectivity and Cultural Interactions, (ed. V. Kozlovskaya), Cambridge, 100-138.
  • Vogeikoff 2000, Vogeikoff, N., “Late Hellenistic Pottery from Mochlos in East Crete”, E Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki. Chronologika Provlimata Kleista Synola-Ergastiria Praktika Keímena, Atina, 69-74.
  • Vogeikoff-Brogan 2000, Vogeikoff-Brogan, N., “Late Hellenistic Pottery in Athens: A New Deposit and Further Thoughts on the Association of Pottery and Societal Change”, Hesperia 69, 293-333.
  • Vogeikoff-Brogan 2014, Vogeikoff-Brogan, N., “Pottery”, Mochlos III. The Late Hellenistic Settlement, (eds. J. S. Soles–C. Davaras), Pennsylvania, 27-47.
  • Vyazmitina 1972, Vyazmitina, M. Y., Zolotobalkovskyy mohyl’nyk, Kyev.
  • Waage 1948, Waage, F. O., “Hellenistic and Roman Tableware of North Syria”, Ceramics and Islamic coins (Antioch-on-Orontes, 4.1), Princeton-London, 160.
  • Wintermeyer 2004, Wintermeyer, U., Die hellenistische und frühkaiserzeitliche Gebrauchskeramik, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Yıldırım 2017, Yıldırım, E., Ordu/Fatsa Cıngırt Kayası Kazısı 2012-2014 Sezonu Metal Buluntuları, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Yıldız 2006, Yıldız, V., Tarsus Cumhuriyet Alanı Kazısında Bulunan Doğu Sigillataları A Grubu Seramikleri (Yayınlammamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Yorulmaz 2019, Yorulmaz, L., Kurul Kalesi Hellenistik Dönem Seramikleri, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Zabelina 1984, Zabelina, V. S., “Ellinisticeskaja keramika iz Pantikapeia”, Soobscenija Gosudarstvennogo Muzeja Istorii Iskusstva imeni Puskina, 7, 133-152.
  • Zajcev 2005, Zajcev, J. P., “Absolute and relative chronology of Scythian Neapolis in the 2nd century BC”, Chronologies of the Black Sea Area in the Period c. 400-100 BC., Black Sea Studies 3, (ed. V. F. Stolba–L. Hannestad), Aarhus, 259-273.
  • Zapheiropoulou–Hatzidakis 1994, Zapheiropoulou, F. –Hatzidakis, P., “Dílos-Keramikí ápo ton drómo vóreia tou Andírou tn Leónton. (Pínakes 181-202)”, G’ Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki Chronologimena Synola-Ergastiria 24-27 Septemvrıou 1991, Thessaloniki. Atina, 235-248.
  • Zaytsev 2003, Zaytsev, Yu. P., Neapol’ Skifskii (II v. do n. e.-III v. n. e.) (Scythian Neapolis (2nd Century BC-3rd Century AD). Simferopol.
  • Zaytsev 2004, Zaytsev, Yu. P., “The Ceramic Complex of Neapolis Scythian (Crimea, Northern Black Sea)”, St’ Epistimoniki Synantisi Gia Tin Ellinistiki Keramiki Provlimata Chronologisis Kleista Synola–Ergastiria Volos 17-23.Apriliou 2000. Atina, 751-759.
  • Zelle 1990, Zelle, M., “Terra Sigillata”, Asia Minor Studien, Band 2. Ausgrabungen in Assos, 97-137.
  • Zelle 1997, Zelle, M., Die Terra Sigillata aus der Westtor-Nekropole in Assos. Asia Minor Studien, Band 27, Bonn.
  • Zhuravlev–Shlottsauyer 2014, Zhuravlev, D. V. –Shlottsauyer, U., “Nekotoryye itogi rabot Bosporskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii na Tamanskom poluostrove. 2006–2013 gg.”, Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey i otechestvennaya arkheologiya. K-100-letiyu otdela arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov, (eds. D. V. Zhuravlev– N. I. Shishlina), Moskva, 150-186.
  • Zhuravlev 2002, Zhuravlev, D. V., “Terra Sigillata and Red Slip Pottery in the North Pontic Region (A Short Bibliographical Survey)”, Ancient Civilizations, 8, 3-4, 237-308.
  • Zhuravlev 2007, Zhuravlev, D. V., “O Nekotorykh Kategoriyakh Pozdneellinisticheskoy Krasnolakovoy Keramiki Gorodishcha Chayka”, Materialy Issledovaniy Gordishcha “Chayka” V Severo-Zapadnom Krymu, (eds. V. L. Yanin–Yu. L. Shchapova), Moskva, 275-312.
  • Zhuravlev 2008, Zhuravlev, D. V., “Western Sigillata in the Northern Pontic Region”, Ancient Civilization from Scythia to Siberia, 14/1-2, 85-121.
  • Zhuravlev 2011, Zhuravlev, D., “Novye nachodki pozdneellinističeskich keramiki I svetil’nikov iz Pantikapeja”, (ed. M. G. Abramzon), Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury, 4, 221-263.
  • Zhuravlev 2020, Zhuravlev, D. V., “Bospor I Rim: Stolovaya Posuda Kak Indikator Ekonomicheskikh Svyazey”, Bosporskiy Fenomen Bosporskoye Tsarstvo M. I. Rostovtseva (vzglyad iz xxi veka). Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy Nauchnoy Konferentsii Chast’ 2. Saint-Petersburg, 174-180.
  • Zolotarev et. al. 2013, Zolotarev, M.–Korobkov, D.–Ushakov, S.–Maklennan, R.–Overman, A.–Olivye, Dzh.–Edvars, D. –Linstrom, G.–Oleninoy, Ye., Drevnyaya Sinagoga V Khersonese Tavrıcheskom: Materialy i issledovaniya Prichernomorskogo Proyekta 1994-1998 gg. Universitet Dmitriya Pozharskogo, Moskova.
  • Zoroğlu 1986, Zoroğlu, L., “Samsat’da Bulunan Doğu Sigillataları İlk Rapor”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3, 61-100.
  • Zuravlev–Demidenko 1997, Zuravlev, D.–Demidenko, S. V., “Kruglij Kurgan” Eine Gesamtvorlage des Materials aus den Grabungen des Barons V. G. von Tiesenhausen”, Eurasia Antiqua, Band 3, 409-435.
  • Zuravlev–Zuravleva 2014, Zuravlev, D.–Zuravleva, N., “Late Hellenistic Pottery and Lamps from Pantikapaion: Recent Finds”, Pottery, Peoples and Places. Study and Interpretations of Late Hellenistic Pottery, Black Sea Studies 16, (eds. P. Guldager-Bilde–M. L. Lawall), Aarhus, 255-286.
  • Zuykov 1987, Zuykov, Yu. V., “Pozdneellinisticheskiy keramicheskiy kompleks iz Gorgippii”, Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii, Vypusk 191, Pamyatniki antichnoy arkheologii, 70-75.
PROPONTICA-Cover
  • Başlangıç: 2023
  • Yayıncı: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Parion İskeletleri Üzerine Osteoarkeolojik Bir Çalışma: 2020-2021 Kazı Sezonu

Mustafa Tolga ÇIRAK, Serhan MUCUR, Nurdan Asiye TÜRKSAL

Paphlagonia Bölgesi Roma Eyalet Sikkeleri Üzerindeki Nemesis Tasvirleri

Ayhan GİRGİN

LAMPSAKOS’UN GEÇ HELLENİSTİK DÖNEM SİKKELERİNE İLİŞKİN YENİ KANITLAR

Aneurin ELLİS-EVANS

Knidos’tan Bir Grup Pişmiş Toprak Boğa Figürini

Derviş Ozan TOZLUCA

Antik Dönemde Triskeles Motifi

Tuğçe KOCAEL

Cıngırt Kayası’nda Ele Geçen Geç Hellenistik-Roma Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi Kırmızı Astarlı Seramikler

Deniz TAMER, Ayşe Fatma EROL