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Hesaplamalı Müzik Teorisi

Bu makale, hesaplamalı müzik teorisine bir giriş niteliğindedir. Müzik teorisi, müziğin yapısını melodi, armoni, ritim ve ölçü, tını, doku ve form boyutlarıyla inceler. Hesaplamalı müzik teorisi ise müziği incelemek için matematik dilini, algoritmaları ve bilgisayar hesaplama gücünü kullanır. Bu inceleme hem müzikal yapıların statik modellemesini hem de müzikal süreçlerin dinamik modellemesini içerir. Müzik teorisinde hesaplama gücünün kullanımının ses/sinyal düzeyinde değil de sembolik düzeyde, yani notalar ve daha yüksek soyutlamalar düzeyinde yapılması nispeten yenidir. MIDI, MusicXML, vb. sembolik seviyedeki müziksel bilginin yaygın formatları olmuştur. Makalede “hesaplanabilirliği” tanımladıktan sonra, müzik bilgisinin analitik işlenmesiyle ilgili müzik teorik kavramları ve müziğin bilimsel modellemesinin örneklerini irdeliyoruz. Matematiksel müzik teorisindeki armoni ve ölçü modellemelerini diğer modellerden farklılıklarıyla anlatıyoruz. Ayrıntılı olarak inceleyeceğimiz bir örnek araştırma, 1980’lerden itibaren geliştirilen matematiksel müzik teorisinin uygulama platformu da olan, Java tabanlı bir müzik besteleme ve analiz yazılımı olan Rubato üzerindedir. Armoni ve ölçü için matematiksel ve hesaplamalı modellerin Rubato üzerindeki uygulaması ve örnek müzikler üzerindeki sonuçları, hesaplamalı müzik teorisinin kapsamlı deneyleri mümkün kıldığı, müzik teorisine dair tezleri hızlıca test edebilme olanağı verdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Müzik Teorisi, Ritim, Ölçü Analizi, Armoni Analizi, Rubato.

Computational Music Theory

This article is an introduction to computational music theory. Music theory examines the structure of music at the neutral level through its dimensions: melody, harmony, rhythm and meter, timbre, texture and form. Computational music theory uses the language of mathematics, algorithms and computational power to examine music. This examination includes both static modelling of musical structures and dynamic modelling of musical processes. The use of computational power in music theory —not at the sound level, but at the symbolic level, i.e., at the level of notes and higher abstractions— is relatively new. MIDI, MusicXML and similar formats have become popular forms of musical information exchange for music at symbolic level. We define “computability” and examine music theoretical concepts relevant to analytical processing of musical information. We review recent mathematical and computational models for music. These models include the Rubato line of research, i.e., mathematical music theory which has been in continuous development on since 1980’s. The example we will examine in detail is both a mathematical and a computational model for analysis of harmony and meter and associated software implementations on Rubato, a Java-based music composition and analysis framework. Results show that detailed experiments on musical information is possible for testing various theses about music theory via computational modelling of musical information.

Keywords:

Music Theory, Rhythm, Metric Analysis, Harmonic Analysis, Rubato,

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