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Parmak Hareketlerine Dayalı Gerçek Zamanlı İnsan-Makine Arayüzleri için Giyilebilir Elektromiyogram Tasarımı

Bu çalışmada, insan-makine arayüzlerinde kullanılmak amacıyla, parmak hareketlerinin çözümlenebilmesine yönelik önkol üzerine giyilebilir bir elektromiyogram (EMG) sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan sistem, kullanıcının hareketlerini kısıtlamadan EMG sinyallerinin ölçümünü yaparak bu ölçümleri sisteme gömülü yazılım aracılığıyla çözümlemekte, oluşturulan cevabı, kontrol edilecek çıkış birimlerine kablosuz iletişim teknikleri ile gerçek zamanlı olarak iletebilmektedir. Çalışmada, üç kanal yapısındaki EMG yükseltecin tasarımı yapılmış ve NodeMCU V3 geliştirme kartının entegre edilebileceği bir sistem gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarlanan sistem ile parmak hareketlerine ait öznitelikler mutlak ortalama değer (MOD) kullanılarak elde edilmiş; Destek Vektör Makineleri (DVM) ve Rastgele Orman (RO) yöntemleri kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Offline testlerde, RO ile %99.47, DVM ile %98.2 doğruluk oranları elde edilmiştir. Offline testlerde %99.47 doğruluk gösteren RO algoritması seçilerek, online testler için gömülü sisteme entegre edilmiştir. Sistem 5 gönüllü ile gerçekleştirilen online testlerde parmak hareketlerini ortalama %92.16 doğrulukla çözümleyebilmiş, sistemin çözümlediği parmak hareketleri ile ilişkilendirilen komutların Kullanıcı Veribloğu İletişim Kuralları (UDP) ağ protokolü ile istemcilere gönderilerek ilgili hareketlerin çıkış birimi arayüzünde görüntülenmesi sağlanmıştır. Sistem 90 ms sürelik bir gecikme ile gerçek zamanlı olarak çalışabilmekte ve tasarlanan çıkış birimi arayüzünde anlık olarak yapılan hareketler görsel olarak görülebilmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışma kas hastalıklarının tespiti, EMG tabanlı giyilebilir protez sistemlerin kontrolü, parmak hareketleri ile kontrol edilebilecek insansız araçların tasarımında önemli bir aşamadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Elektromiyogram (EMG), Giyilebilir sistemler, İnsan makine arayüzü, Parmak hareketleri

Wearable Electromyogram Design for Finger Movements Based Real-Time Human-Machine Interfaces

In this study, a wearable electromyogram (EMG) system on the forearm was designed to analyze finger movements for use in human-machine interfaces. The designed system measures the EMG signals without restricting the user's movements, analyzes these measurements through the software embedded in the system, and transmits the generated response to the output units to be controlled in real-time with wireless communication techniques. In the study, a three-channel EMG amplifier was designed and a system in which the NodeMCU V3 development board could be integrated was realized.With the system, the features of finger movements were obtained using the Mean Absolute Value (MAV) and classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) methods. In offline tests, 99.47% accursacy with RF and 98.2% accuracy with SVM were obtained. The RF algorithm with 99.47% accuracy in offline tests was selected and integrated into the embedded system for online tests. In the online tests performed with five volunteers, the system was able to analyze finger movements with an average accuracy of 92.16%, and the commands associated with the finger movements analyzed by the system were sent to the clients with the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the related movements were displayed on the output unit interface. The system can work in real-time with a delay of 90 ms and instantaneous movements can be seen visually on the designed output unit interface. This study is an important step in the detection of muscle diseases, the control of EMG-based wearable prosthetic systems, and the design of unmanned vehicles that can be controlled by finger movements.

Keywords:

Electromyogram (EMG), Wearable systems, Human-machine interfaces,

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