Demetrias Kenti’nde İmparator Kültü, Yunan Tanrılar ve Toplumsal Yapı

Antigonid Hanedanlığının önemli kraliyet merkezlerinden biri olan Demetrias kentinde iktidar kültünün belirgin unsurları İ.Ö. 3. yüzyılda oluşmuştur. Bölgenin İ.Ö. 2. yüzyılın başından itibaren Roma etkisi altına girmesiyle birlikte T. Quinctius Flamininus gibi Romanın önde gelen yöneticileri de bu iktidar kültüne dahil edilmiştir. Sonraki dönemlerde başka güçlü Romalılar «Tanrı», «Kurtarıcı» ve «Hayırhah» olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Pydna Savaşı’ndan sonra Makedon etkisinin bölgeden tamamen kaybolmasıyla birlikte otonomilerini kazanan Thessalia kentleri Magnesia Koinonu’nun himayesinde şekillenmiştir. Bununla birlikte Koinon merkezi olan Demetrias ve diğer kentlerde eski kültlerin tekrar canlandığına tanık olmaktayız. Koinon’da söz sahibi olan bazı soylular bu tanrıların rahipliğini üstlenmiş ve kentlere çeşitli destek sağlamışlardır. 2. yüzyılın sonlarında Demetrias’ın mimari dokusunda bir Romalılaşma yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir. Augustus ile birlikte oluşan İmparator kültünün izleri Magnesia Koinonu’nun başlıca merkezi olarak konumunu sürdüren Demetrias’ta beklenilenden çok daha azdır. Augustus ve ardıllarının birlik ve kent çapında tanrı olarak tapınım gördüklerine dair herhangi bir delil yoktur. Bunun başlıca sebeplerinden biri Augustus’un Amfiktiyoni’de Magnesia Birliği’nin oyunu iptal etmesi olabilir. Flaviuslar Dönemi’nde İmparator Titus Birlik tarafından «Tanrı oğlu Tanrı» ve «Yeni Apollon, Euergetes» olarak onurlandırılmıştır. İmparatorların yerel pantheon’a dahil edilmeleri Septimius Severus için de tespit edilebilmektedir. Bir imparator rahibi ancak 3. yüzyılda belgelenmiştir. Demetrias’ta Neokorluk ve İmparator tapınağına dair herhangi bir veri henüz ele geçmemiştir. Ancak kentin mimari dokusu ve Roma isimlerinin kullanımının çoğalması Demetrias’ın da bir Romalılaşma süreci yaşadığını kanıtlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İktidar kültü, İmparator kültü, Geleneksel Yunan kültleri, Euergetizm, Onurlandırma geleneği, Magnesia Birliği, soylu sınıfı

Imperial Cult, Greek Gods and Local Society in Demetrias (Thessaly)

The gradual establishment of Italians and Romans in the region of Ancient Demetrias in eastern Thessaly, following the decline of the Macedonian power in the second century BC, as well as their eventual contact with the local population and its authorities, composed the new socio-political frame that also brought together for the first time Greek Gods and Roman Emperors. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the representations of the imperial power within the civic and sacred space of the city, following the honorific attitude displayed by local authorities and private individuals, as well as on its effect on shaping local political and religious identities.

Keywords:

Ruler’s cult, Imperial cult, Greek traditional cults, euergetism, honorific attitude, Koinon, elite,

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