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• For a brief review of the history of “Oriental Despotism” in European thought, see, Rolando Minuti, “Oriental Despotism”, EGO (European History Online), at http://www.ieg-ego. eu/en/threads/models-and-stereotypes/the-wild-and-the-civilised/rolando-minuti-oriental- despotism [last visited 1 December 2013].
• Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, New York, Avon Books, 1992.
• Peter Gourevitch, “The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics”, International Organization, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Autumn 1978), pp. 881-912.
• David Palumbo-Liu, “Los Angeles, Asians, and Perverse Ventriloquisms: On the Functions of Asia America in the Recent American Imaginary”, Public Culture, No. 6 (1994), pp. 365- 381.
• These riots occurred in South-Central Los Angeles where African-Americans dominated as residents but Korean-Americans owned and operated many local stores. The first Rodney King trial exempted four white police officers of police brutality and racial animus despite a videotape showing them beating an unarmed black man, Rodney King, while prostrate on the ground. A second trial later reversed this sentence. For a full recounting of the incident, the trials, and the riots, see, New York Times, The Los Angeles Riots and Rodney King, New York, New York Times Company, 2013.
• Eurocentrics labelled both Ottoman Turkey and Qing China as “sick men” in the 19th century. A cartoon from 1898 shows Turkey, as the “sick man of Europe”, consoling China, the “sick man of Asia”, at http://www.granger.com/results.asp?image=0014135&screenwid th=1274 [last visited 15 December 2013].
• Nandy demonstrates how Indian elites internalised the British coloniser’s hypermasculinised, “undeveloped heart” to show their worth in British eyes and rule over domestic Others. Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: The Psychology of Colonialism, Delhi, Oxford, 1988.
• For a recent example, see, Manjari Chatterjee Miller, Wronged by Empire: Post-Imperial Ideology and Foreign Policy in India and China, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2013.
• Qing China suffered defeat and unequal treaties; imperial Japan, atomic devastation; and Nehru’s India, Cold War power politics.
• For a new take on the 1962 India-China border war, see, L.H.M. Ling, Rethinking Borders and Security, India and China: New Connections for Ancient Geographies, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, forthcoming.
• Frances Hasso, “Alternative Worlds at the World Social Forum 2013 in Tunis”, Jadaliyya, 1 May 2013, at http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/11396/alternative-worlds-at-the-2013- world-social-forum- [last visited 3 December 2013].
• We explore this question in L.H.M. Ling and Carolina M. Pinheiro, “Worldist Dialogics: Creatively Listening to and Speaking with Others”, in L.H.M. Ling, Nizar Messari, and Arlene B. Tickner (eds.), International Relations Theory: Views Beyond the West, London, Routledge, forthcoming.
• Here, I echo Ching-Chang Chen, “The Absence of Non-Western IR Theory in Asia Reconsidered”, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2011), pp. 1-23.
• See the Call for Papers, under incoming President Amitav Acharya, for the 2015 annual meeting of the International Studies Association (ISA) in New Orleans, at http://www.isanet. org/Default.aspx [last visited 13 December 2013].
• For more on “world-of-worlds”, see L.H.M. Ling, The Dao of World Politics: Towards a Post- Westphalian, Worldist International Relations, London, Routledge, 2014.
• On “multiple worlds”, see, L.H.M. Ling, Postcolonial International Relations: Conquest and Desire between Asia and the West, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002; Anna M. Agathangelou and L.H.M. Ling, Transforming World Politics: From Empire to Multiple Worlds, London, Routledge, 2009; Ling, The Dao of World Politics.
• Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2000.
• For a competent yet brief synopsis of the epic, see, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_ of_the_Three_Kingdoms [last visited 15 December 2013]. Other Chinese epics like Shuihu zhuan (Water Margins), Xiyou ji (Journey to the West) and Honglou Meng (Dream of the Red Chamber) have had a similar cultural impact on the region but only Romance deals explicitly with world politics.
• Lai Sing Lam, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Mao’s Global Order of Tripolarity, Oxford, Peter Lang AG, 2011.
• The film, Chi bi (Red Cliff, 2008), for example, was based on an episode of Romance. Directed by John Woo, the film had an international cast but was performed in Mandarin. The 2010 TV series, Three Kingdoms, enjoyed high ratings in Taiwan. See, http://news. sina.com.tw/article/20120712/7312574.html; http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/ent/tv/ sinacn/file/20120802/02003629939.html; http://big5.chinanews.com:89/yl/2012/07- 25/4058001.shtml [last visited 8 December 2013].
• Chinese Central Television (CCTV) has aired two productions: one, “Sanguo Yanyi”, in 1994; a second, “Sanguo”, in 2010.
• See, in Japanese: http://mangafox.me/manga/sangokushi/ [last visited 8 December 2013]; in Vietnamese: http://www.sachbaovn.vn/doc-truc-tuyen/sach/tam-quoc-dien-nghia-tap-1- (truyen-tranh)-MUQwQTQ2MkI [last visited 9 December 2013].
• This is a paraphrase of the dialogue in the drama series. Zhuge Liang charges his inquisitioner with sentiments that brink on the seditious (literally, to have “no ruler, no father” or “wujun wufu”) and disloyal (literally, “without patriotism, without filial piety” or “wu zhong wu xiao”).
• Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics, p. 305. 39 Ibid., p. 198.
• Thomas Hobbes, De Cive, Chapter 8, at http://www.constitution.org/th/decive08.htm [last visited on 27 May 2013].
• Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics, Reading, Addison-Wesley, 1979.
• These include any identity not deemed “masculine”: e.g., women, the underclass, the informal economy and the non-Western Other; Marianne Marchand and Anne Sisson Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring: Sightings, Sites, and Resistances, London, Routledge, 2000 and 2011.
• L.H.M. Ling, “Borders of Our Minds: Territories, Boundaries, and Power in the Confucian Tradition”, in Margaret Moore and Allen Buchanan (eds.), States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 86-100.
• Luo Tian-bing, “Dong Liwen: Zhong qitu yu ri gongguan diaoyudao haiyu” (Dong Liwen: China Seeks with Japan Joint Management of the Diaoyu Islands Sea Area), Ziyou shibao (Liberty Times), 24 April 2013, at http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/apr/24/today- fo1-2.htm [last visited 14 December 2013].
• Aurélie Lacassagne, “Cultures of Anarchy as Figurations: Reflections on Wendt, Elias and the English School”, Human Figurations: Long-Term Perspectives on the Human Condition, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July 2012), at http://quod.lib.umich.edu/h/humfig/11217607.0001.207/-- cultures-of-anarchy-as-figurations-reflections-on-wendt?rgn=main;view=fulltext [last visited on 14 December 2013].