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• Further information on this initiative is available at http://www.un.org/Dialogue/ [last visited 19 September 2011].
• Mohammed Khatami, “Round Table: Dialogue among Civilisations”, at http://www.unesco. org/dialogue/en/khatami.htm [last visited 9 November 2013].
• Laia Mestres and Eduard Soler i Lecha, “Spain and Turkey: A Long-Lasting Alliance in a Turbulent Context?”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2006), pp. 117-126.
• Richard A. Falk, “Revisiting Westphalia, Discovering Post-Westphalia”, Journal of Ethics, Vol. 6, No. 4 (2002), pp. 311-52.
• Fred Dallmayr (ed.), Dialogue among Civilisations: Some Exemplary Voices, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
• Mark Lynch, “The Dialogue of Civilisations and International Public Spheres”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2 (June 2000), pp. 307-330.
• Fabio Petito, “In Defence of Dialogue of Civilisations: With a Brief Illustration of the Diverging Agreement between Edward Said and Louis Masignon”, Millenium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 39, No. 3 (May 2011), p. 762.
• For an earlier elaboration on these two points, see Pınar Bilgin, “Civilisation, Dialogue, Security: The Challenge of Post-Secularism and the Limits of Civilisational Dialogue”, Review of International Studies, Vol. 38, No. 5 (December 2012), pp. 1099-115. The present article builds on these points and presents a critical security studies perspective.
• Naeem Inayatullah and David L. Blaney, International Relations and the Problem of Difference, London, Routledge, 2004, p. 44.
• Homi K. Bhabha, The Location of Culture, London, Routledge, 1994.
• Amartya Kumar Sen, The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture, and Identity, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005; Amartya Kumar Sen, Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny, New York, W. W. Norton & Co., 2006.
• Bill McSweeney, Security, Identity and Interests: A Sociology of International Relations, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
• Fred Halliday, “The End of the Vatican”, at http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/ benedict_4156.jsp [last visited 25 December 2013].
• Petito, “In Defence of Dialogue of Civilisations”, p.763.
• Friedrich V. Kratochwil, “Religion and (Inter-)National Politics: On the Heuristics of Identities, Structures, and Agents”, Alternatives, Vol. 30, No. 2 (April 2005), pp. 114, 132. Also see, Jan Nederveen Pieterse, “Emancipations, Modern and Postmodern”, Development and Change, Vol. 23, No. 3 (1992); Uma Narayan, “Essence of Culture and a Sense of History: A Feminist Critique of Cultural Essentialism”, in Uma Narayan and Sandra Harding (eds.), Decentering the Center: Philosophy for a Multicultural, Postcolonial, and Feminist World, Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 2000.
• See, for example, Dallmayr (ed.), Dialogue among Civilisations: Some Exemplary Voices.
• A point made by Booth about the nuclear policies of great powers, see, Ken Booth, “Nuclearism, Human Rights and Constructions of Security (Part 1)”, The International Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1999), pp. 1-24; Ken Booth , “Nuclearism, Human Rights and Contructions of Security (Part 2)”, International Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1999) pp. 44-61.
• J. Peter Burgess, The Ethical Subject of Security: Geopolitical Reason and the Threat against Europe, New York, Routledge, 2011.
• Phoenician roots of what is popularly viewed as Greek heritage, see, Martin Bernal, Black
• Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilisation, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University
• Press, 1987. Also see, Daniel Orrells, Gurminder K. Bhambra and Tessa Roynon (eds.), African Athena: New Agendas, Classical Presences, Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2011.
• Sen, Identity and Violence, p. 56; Jim Al-Khalili, The House of Wisdom: How Arabic Science Saved Ancient Knowledge and Gave us the Renaissance, New York, Penguin Press, 2011.
• John M. Hobson, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 177-178. Also see, Gurminder K. Bhambra, Rethinking Modernity: Postcolonialism and the Sociological Imagination, New York, Palgrave, 2007.
• On the parallels between George W. Bush and Osama Bin Laden’s discourses, see, Anna Agathangelou and L.H.M. Ling, “Power, Borders, Security, Wealth: Lessons of Violence and Desire from September 11”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 3 (September 2004), pp. 517-38.
• Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat, “Forging a Global Culture of Human Rights: Origins and Prospects of the International Bill of Rights”, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2 (May 2006), p. 419.
• Siba N. Grovogui, “Mind, Body, and Gut Elements of a Postcolonial Human Rights Discourse”, in Branwen Gruffydd Jones (ed.), Decolonizing International Relations, London, Routledge, 2006.
• Siba N. Grovogui, “To the Orphaned, Dispossessed, and Illegitimate Children: Human Rights Beyond Republican and Liberal Traditions”, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter 2011), p. 62.
• Also see, Vijay Prashad, The Darker Nations: A People’s History of the Third World, New York, NY, New Press, 2008.
• Kabasakal Arat, “Forging a Global Culture of Human Rights”, p. 421.
• Gurminder K. Bhambra and Robbie Shilliam (eds.), Silencing Human Rights: Critical Engagements with a Contested Project, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, p. 7.
• Aziz Al-Azmeh, “Human Rights and Contemporaneity of Islam: A Matter of Dialogue?”, in The Universal of Human Rights: Precondition for a Dialogue of Culture, Rio de Janerio, Educam- Editoria Universitaria Candido Mendes, 2007, p. 78.
• On “origins” versus “beginnings”, see, Edward W. Said, Beginnings: Intention and Method, New York, Basic Books, 1975; Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism, New York, Knopf, 1993. For an elaboration, see Bhambra, Rethinking Modernity.
• Wyn Jones, “On Emancipation”, p. 217. Also see, Booth, “Security and Emancipation”; Hayward Alker, “Emancipation in the Critical Security Studies Project”, in Ken Booth (ed.), Critical Security Studies and World Politics, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner, 2005; Booth, Theory of World Security, esp. pp. 110-116.
• Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner, 1995; Columba Peoples and Nick Vaughan-Williams, Critical Security Studies: An Introduction, New York, Routledge, 2010.
• Alker, “Emancipation in the Critical Security Studies Project”, p. 201.
• Ken Booth, “Emancipation”, in Critical Security Studies and World Politics, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005, p. 181.
• Buck-Morss, Thinking Past Terror, p. 99.
• Jürgen Habermas, “Religion in the Public Sphere”, European Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 14, No. 1 (April 2006), pp. 1-25.
• Buck-Morss, Thinking Past Terror, pp. 4-5.
• Booth, Theory of World Security, p. 111.
• Pınar Bilgin, “Continuing Appeal of Critical Security Studies”, in Shannon Brincat, Laura Lima and Joao Nunes (eds.), Critical Theory in International Relations and Security Studies: Interviews and Reflections, London, Routledge, 2012. On emancipation, see Booth, “Emancipation”; Booth, Theory of World Security.