PANDEMİ (COVID-19) DÖNEMİNDE KAYNAK GÜVENİLİRLİĞİ BOYUTLARININ, ELEKTRONİK AĞIZDAN AĞIZA İLETİŞİMİN VE MARKA İMAJI BOYUTLARININ TÜKETİCİ SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: INSTAGRAM FENOMENLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte işletmeler ve tüketiciler arasındaki iletişimin yönü ve şekli de değişmiştir. Geleneksel kitle iletişim araçları yerini online sosyal platformlara bırakmış ve işletmeler pazarlama faaliyetlerini sosyal medya fenomenleri üzerinden yapmaya başlamıştır. Değişime uğrayan bir başka konu ise pazarlama iletişimidir. Geleneksel pazarlamada tek yönlü olan pazarlama iletişiminde artık tüketiciler de söz sahibidir. Tüketiciler sosyal medya platformlarından ürün ve markalar hakkında yorum yapabilmekte, talep ve şikayetlerini paylaşabilmektedir. Yapılan yorum ve değerlendirmelerin geniş kitlelerce ulaşılabilir olması da pazarlama iletişiminde tüketicileri daha önemli hale getirmektedir. Çalışma, pandemi (COVID-19) döneminde kaynak güvenilirliğinin ve elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişimin marka imajı ve tüketicilerin satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, 567 Instagram kullanıcısına online anket yöntemi uygulanarak yapılmış, veriler SPSS.25 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir.

THE EFFECT OF SOURCE CREDIBILITY DIMENSIONS, ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH COMMUNICATION AND BRAND IMAGE DIMENSIONS ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION IN THE PANDEMIC (COVID-19) PERIOD: A RESEARCH ON INSTAGRAM PHENOMENA

With the developing technology, the direction and the nature of the communication between businesses and consumers have also changed. Traditional mass media has left its place to online social platforms, and businesses have started to carry out their marketing activities through social media phenomena. Another subject that has changed is marketing communications. Consumers now have a say in marketing communication, which was oneway in traditional marketing. Consumers can comment on products and brands on social media platforms and share their demands and complaints. The fact that the comments and evaluations are accessible to the masses also makes the consumers more important in marketing communication.is research aims to reveal the effect of source reliability and electronic word of mouth communication on brand image and purchasing intention of consumers during the pandemic (COVID-19) period. The research was conducted by applying an online survey to 567 Instagram users, and the data were analyzed with the SPSS 25 package program.

___

  • Adler, R., Rodman , G., & DuPré, A. (2014). Understanding Human Communication (Twelfth Edition b.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-Behavior Relations: A Theoretical Analysis and Review of Empirical Research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888–918.
  • Anagnostopoulos, C., Parganas, P., Chadwick, S., & Fenton, A. (2018). Branding in Pictures: Using Instagram as a Brand Management Tool in Professional Team Sport Organisations. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(4), 413–438.
  • Arnould, E., Price, L., & Zinkan, G. (2005). Consumers. Singapore: McGraw- Hill/Irwin.
  • Atika, A., Kusumawati, A., & Iqbal, M. (2016). The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth, Massage Source Credibility, Information Quality on Brand Image and Purchase Intention. Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 20(1), 94-108.
  • Aydin, S., & Ozer, G. (2005). The Analysis of Antecedents of Customer Loyalty in The Turkish Mobile Telecommunication Market. European Journal of Marketing, 910-925.
  • Aytuna, E. (2019). Marketing Through Instagram Influencers: The Effect of Source Credibility on Millennials’ Purchase Intention. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Bambauer-Sachse, S., & Mangold, S. (2011). Brand Equity Dilution Through Negative Online Word-of-Mouth Communication. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18, 38-45.
  • Bhatt, N., Jayswal, R., & Patel, J. (2013). Impact of Celebrity Endorser’s Source Credibility on Attitude Towards Advertisements and Brands. South Asian Journal of Management, 20(4), 74–95.
  • Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., & Schäfer, D.B. (2012). Are Social Media Replacing Traditional Media in Terms of Brand Equity Creation? Management Research Review, 35(9), 770-790.
  • Casalo, L., Flavia´n, C., & Guinal, M. (2008). Fundaments of Trust Management in The Development of Virtual Communities. Management Research News, 31(5), 324-338.
  • Chakraborty, U., & Bhat, S. (2018). Credibility of Online Reviews and Its Impact on Brand Image. Management Research Review, 41(1), 148-164.
  • Chang, H., & HsuanWu, L. (2014). An Examination of Negative E-WOM Adoption: Brand Commitment as a Moderator. Decision Support Systems, 59, 206–218.
  • Charo, N., Sharma, P., Shaikh, S., Haseeb, A., & Sufya, M. (2015). Determining the Impact of E-Wom on Brand Image and Purchase Intention Through Adoption of Online Opinions. International Journal of Humanities and Management Sciences, 3(1), 41-46.
  • Cheung, C. M., & Thadani, D. R. (2010). The Effectiveness of Electronic Wordof- Mouth Communication: A Literature Analysis. Bled eConference, 23, 329-345.
  • Chinho, L., & Jeng-Chung, V. (2013). Electronic Word-Of-Mouth: The Moderating Roles of Product Involvement And Brand Image. International Conference on Technology Innovation and Industrial Management, 29-47.
  • Coursaris, C. K., & Van Osch, W. (2016, July). Exploring the Effects of Source Credibility on Information Adoption on YouTube. In International Conference on HCI in Business, Government, and Organizations, 16-25. Springer, Cham.
  • Çakıroğlu, I., Pirtini, S., & Çengel, Ö. (2020). Covid-19 Sürecinde ve Post Pandemi Döneminde Yaşam Tarzı Açısından Tüketici Davranışlarının Değişen Eğilimi Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çalışma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Covid 19-Özel Ek, 81-103.
  • Djafarova, E., & Trofimenko, O. (2018). ‘Instafamous’ – Credibility and Self-Presentation of Micro-Celebrities on Social Media. Information, Communication & Society, 22(10), 1432-1446. doi:https://doi. org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1438491
  • Dobni, D., & Zinkhan, G. (1990). “In Search of Brand Image: A Foundation Analysis” in Goldberg, M.E., Gorn, G. and Pollay, R.W. (Eds). Advances in Consumer Research, 110-119.
  • Doss, S. (2011). The Transference of Brand Attitude: The Effect on the Celebrity Endorser. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 7, (1).
  • Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, E., & Çinko, M. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi (7 b.). İstanbul: Beta Basım ve Yayım.
  • Eisend, M. (2004). Is It Still Worth to Be Credible? AMeta-Analysis of Temporal Patterns of Source Credibility Effects in Marketing. Advances in Consumer Research, 31, 352–357.
  • Erdogan, B., Baker, M., & Tagg, S. (2001). Selecting Celebrity Endorsers: The Practitioner’s Perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 39-48.
  • Erkan, I., & Evans, C. (2018). Social Media or Shopping Websites? The Influence of E-WOM on Consumers’ Online Purchase Intentions. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(6), 617-632.
  • Esch, F.-R., Langner, T., Schmitt, B., & Geus, P. (2006). Are Brands Forever? How Brand Knowledge and Relationships Affect Current and Future Purchases. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 15(2), 98-105.
  • Fan, Y.-W., & Miao, Y.-F. (2012). Effect of Electronic Word-of-Mouth on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Perspective of Gender Differences. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 10(3), 175-181.
  • Fang, Y.-H. (2014). Beyond the Credibility of Electronic Word of Mouth: Exploring eWOM Adoption on Social Networking Sites from Affective and Curiosity Perspectives. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 18(3), 67-101.
  • Felbermayr, A., & Nanopoulos, A. (2016). The Role of Emotions for the Perceived Usefulness in Online Customer Reviews. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 36, 60-76.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables and Measurent Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Forsythe, S., & Shi, B. (2003). Consumer Patronage and Risk Perceptions in Internet Shopping. Journal of Business Research, 56(11), 867–875.
  • Gardner, B., & Levy, S. (1955). The Product and the Brand. Harvard Business Review, 33, 33-39.
  • Gegez, A. (2010). Pazarlama Araştırmaları (3. b.). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Goldfarb, A. (2014). What Is Different About Online Advertising? Review of Industrial Organization, 44(2), 115–129.
  • Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J., & Borin, N. (1998). The Effect of Store Name, Brand Name and Price Discounts on Consumers’ Evaluations and Purchase Intentions. Journal of Retailing, 74, 331-352.
  • Gümüş, V., & Bal, V. (2016). Analysis Of The Effect Of Quality Components Of Web 2.0 Enabled E Commerce Websites On Electronic Word Of Mouth Marketing (E WOM) And On Customer Loyalty. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 979-986.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & William, C. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7 b.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • He, H., & Harris, L. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Corporate Social Responsibility and Marketing Philosophy. Journal of Business Research, 116, 176-182.
  • Hennig Thauru, T., Gwinner, K., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. (2004). Electronic Word Of Mouth Via Consumer Opinion Platforms: What Motivates Consumers To Articulate Themselves On The Internet? Journal Of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38-52.
  • Ho, H. Y., & Chien, P. H. C. (2010, August). Influence of Message Trust in Online Word-of-Mouth on Consumer Behavior–by the Example of Food Blog. 2010 International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering, 1, 395-399. IEEE.
  • Homer, P. (2008). Perceived Quality and Image: When all is not ‘Rosy’. Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 715-723.
  • Hosanagar, K., & Cherepanov, V. (2008, July). Optimal Bidding in Stochastic Budget Constrained Slot Auctions. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce: Association for Computing Machinery, 20-20.
  • Hovland, C., Janis, I., & Kelley, H. (1953). Communication and Persuasion. Psychological Studies of Opinion Change. New Haven, CT, US: Yale University Press.
  • Hsieh, M., & Lindridge, A. (2005). Universal Appeals with Local Specifications. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 14(1), 14-28.
  • Hsu, C.-L., Lin, J.-C., & Chiang, H.-S. (2013). The Effects of Blogger Recommendations on Customers Online Shopping Intentions. Internet Research, 23(1), 69-88.
  • Huang, P., Lurie, N., & Mitra, S. (2009). Searching for Experience on the Web: An Empirical Examination of Consumer Behavior for Search and Experience Goods. Journal of Marketing, 73, 55-69.
  • Ismagilova, E., Slade, E., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). The Effect of Characteristics of Source Credibility on Consumer Behaviour: A Meta- Analysis. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 1-9.
  • Jalilvand, M., & Samiei, N. (2012). The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Image and Purchase Intention: An Empirical Study in the Automobile Industry in Iran. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 30(4), 460-476.
  • Jamil, R., & Hasnu, S. (2013). Consumer’s Reliance on Word of Mouse: Influence on Consumer’s Decision in an Online Information Asymmetry Context. Journal of Business & Economics, 5(2), 171-205.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2019). SPSS ve AMOS Uygulamalı Nitel-Nicel-Karma Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri ve Yayın Etiği, (Güncellenmiş ve Geliştirilmiş 2.Basım) Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring and Managing Customerbased Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22.
  • Kelman, H. (1961). Process of Opinion Change. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25, 57-78.
  • Kucukusta, D., Law, R., Besbes, A., & Legohérel, P. (2015). Re-Examining Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use in Online Booking: The Case of Hong Kong Online Users. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(2), 185-198.
  • Lee, J., Park, D., & Han, I. (2008). The Effect of Negative Online Consumer Reviews on Product Attitude: An Information Processing View. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(3), 341-352.
  • Lee, S. (2009). How Do Online Reviews Affect Purchasing Intention? African Journal of Business Management, 3(10), 576-581.
  • Li, C.-Y. (2015). The Effects of Source Credibility and Argument Quality on Employees’ Responses Toward Information System Usage. Asia Pacific Management Review, 20, 56-64.
  • Lin, C., Wu, Y. S., & Chen, J. C. V. (2013). Electronic Word-of-Mouth: The Moderating Roles of Product Involvement and Brand Image. TIIM 2013 Proceedings, 43(2013), 29-47.
  • Lis, B. (2013). In eWOM We Trust-A Framework of Factors that Determine the eWOM Credibility. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 3, 129-140.
  • McGuire, W. (1985). Attitudes and Attitude Change in Handbook of Social Psychology (Cilt 2; L. Gardner & E. Aronson, Eds). New York: Random House.
  • Meenaghan, T. (1995). The Role of Advertising in Brand Image Development. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 4(4), 23-34.
  • Na, S., Kunkel, T., & Doyle, J. (2020). Exploring Athlete Brand Image Development on Social Media: The Role of Signalling Through Source Credibility. European Sport Management, 20(1), 88-108.
  • Neti, S. (2011). Social Media and Its Role in Marketing. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems, 1(2), 1-15.
  • Obermiller, C., Spangenberg, E., & MacLachlan, D. (2005). AD SKEPTICISMThe Consequences of Disbelief. Journal of Advertising, 34(3), 7-17.
  • Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and Validation of a Scale Measure Celebrity Endorsers’ Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.
  • Ohanian, R. (1991). The Impact of Celebrity Spokespersons’ Perceived Image on Consumers’ Intention to Purchase. Journal of Advertising Research, 31(1), 46–54.
  • Parameswaran, M., & Whinston, A. (2007). Research Issues In Social Computing. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 8(6), 336-350.
  • Parganas, P., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2015). Social Media Strategy in Professional Football: The case of Liverpool FC. Sport Management International Journal, 11(2), 61-75.
  • Park, D., & Kim, S. (2008). The Effects of Consumer Knowledge on Message Processing of Electronic Word of Mouth Via Online Consumer Reviews. Electronic Commerce Research and Application, 7, 399–410.
  • Park, D., Lee, J., & Han, I. (2007). The Effect of On Line Consumer Reviews on Consumer Purchasing Intention: The Moderating Role of Involvement. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), 125-148.
  • Park, S., & Srinivasan, V. (1994). A Survey-Based Method for Measuring and Understanding Brand Equity and Its Extendibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(2), 271-288.
  • Pentina, I., Bailey, A., & Zhang, L. (2018). Exploring Effects of Source Similarity, Message Valence, and Receiver Regulatory Focus on Yelp Review Persuasiveness and Purchase Intentions. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(2), 125-145.
  • Raji, R., Rashid, S., & Ishak, S. (2019). The Mediating Effect of Brand Image on the Relationships Between Social Media Advertising Content, Sales Promotion Content and Behaviuoral Intention. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 13(2), 302-330.
  • Riley, M. (1954). Reviewed Work: Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies of Opinionchange by C.I. Hovland, I.L. Janie, H.H. Kelley. American Sociological Review, 19(3), 355-357.
  • Rodríguez, M., Torres, R., & Toral, S. (2016). Post-Visit and Pre-Visit Tourist Destination Image Through eWOM Sentiment Analysis and Perceived Helpfulness. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(11), 2609-2627.
  • Sarıışık, M., & Özbay, G. (2012). Elektronik Ağızdan Ağıza İletişim ve Turizm Endüstrisindeki Uygulamalara İlişkin Bir Yazın İncelemesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(16), 2-23.
  • Schiffman, L. G., & Wisenblit, J. L. (2015). Consumer Behavior (11th ed.). Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited Sheth, J. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will the Old Habits Return or Die? Journal of Business Research, 117, 280-283.
  • Shukla, P. (2011). Impact of Interpersonal Influences, Brand Origin and Brand Image on Luxury Purchase Intentions: Measuring Interfunctional Interactions and a Cross-National Comparison. Journal of World Business, 46(2), 242-252.
  • Sparks, B., & Browning, V. (2011). The Impact of Online Reviews on Hotel Booking Intentions and Perception of Trust. Tourism Management, 32, 1310-1323.
  • Sridhar, S., Germann, F., Kang, C., & Grewal, R. (2016). Relating Online, Regional, and National Advertising to Firm Value. Journal of Marketing, 80, 39–55.
  • Torlak, Ö., Ozkara, B., Tiltay, M., Cengiz, H., & Dulger, M. (2014). The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Image and Purchase Intention: An Application Concerning Cell Phone Brands for Youth Consumers in Turkey. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 8(2), 61-68.
  • Wang, X., & Yang, Z. (2010). The Effect of Brand Credibility on Consumers’ Brand Purchase Intention in Emerging Economies: The Moderating Role of Brand Awareness and Brand Image. Journal of Global Marketing, 23(3), 177.
  • Wang, X., Wei, K. K., & Teo, H. H. (2007). The Acceptance of Product Recommendations from Web-Based Word-of-Mouth Systems: Effects of Information, Informant and System Characteristics. International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) 2007 Proceedings, 93.
  • Wangenheim, F., & Bayon, T. (2004). The Effect of Word of Mouth on Services Switching-Measurement and Moderating Variables. European Journal of Marketing, 38(9/10), 1173-1185.
  • We Are Social&Hootsuit (2020), Digital 2020 Global Owerview Report, Erişim Adresi: https://www.eticaret.gov.tr/static/Pdf/ be67689eeccb420e8926b839c7254556_637159836475893573.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 30.06.2020
  • Webster, F., & Keller, K. (2004). A Roadmap for Branding in Industrial Markets. Brand Management, 11(5), 388-402.
  • Wong, P., M.L. Ng, P., Lee, D., & Lam , R. (2019). Examining the Impact of Perceived Source Credibility on Attitudes and Intentions Towards Taking Advice from others on University Choice. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(4), 709-724.
  • Xiaoping, F., & Jiaqi, S. (2012, November). Empirical Study of the Processes of Internet Word-of-Mouth within an Online Community Context. In 2012 International Symposium on Management of Technology (ISMOT) (s. 624- 629). IEEE.
  • Yuniar, R., & Surabaya, S. (2019). Influence of Social Media Communication on Purchase Intention And Mediated By Hedonic Brand Image Functional Brand Image Brand Attitude And Brand Equity. Management and Economic Journal, 608-617.
  • Zhang, Y. (2015). The Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Behavior: A Literature Review. Open Journal of Business and Management, 3(1), 58-62.
Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1309-243X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2008
  • Yayıncı: Sistem Ofset Bas. Yay. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti.
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

A Research on Determining the Relationship Between Consumers’ Purchasing Styles and Their Religious Orientations

Ferdi AKBIYIK

TÜKETİCİ ULUS MERKEZCİLİĞİNİN KÜRESEL KÜLTÜR KONUMLANDIRMASI İLE OLUŞTURULAN REKLAMLARA YÖNELİK TUTUM ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: IRAK-TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Pınar BAŞGÖZE, Maryam Saaduldeen Abdulqader SALIHI

PANDEMİ (COVID-19) DÖNEMİNDE KAYNAK GÜVENİLİRLİĞİ BOYUTLARININ, ELEKTRONİK AĞIZDAN AĞIZA İLETİŞİMİN VE MARKA İMAJI BOYUTLARININ TÜKETİCİ SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: INSTAGRAM FENOMENLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Sefa ÖZDEMİR, Ramazan KAYHAN, İçim AKSOY ÖZER

Tüketicilerin Besin Seçim Güdüleri: Y ve Z Kuşaklarının Karşılaştırılması

Esra ÖZTÜRK, Sena TEKELİ

Tüketici Ulus Merkezciliğinin Küresel Kültür Konumlandırması ile Oluşturulan Reklamlara Yönelik Tutum Üzerine Etkisi: Irak-Türkiye Örneği

Pınar BAŞGÖZE, Maryam Saaduldeen Abdulqader SALIHI

DİJİTAL TÜKETİM ALANI OLARAK DİJİMODERN REKLAM UYGULAMASI ÇERÇEVESİNDE TÜKETİCİ MOTİVASYON FAKTÖRLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI

Cihan BECAN

Marka Otantikliği ve Marka Sadakati Arasındaki İlişkide Marka Aşkının Düzenleyici Rolü

Aslıhan YAVUZALP MARANGOZ, Ahmet Özgür AYDIN

MARKA OTANTİKLİĞİ VE MARKA SADAKATİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE MARKA AŞKININ DÜZENLEYİCİ ROLÜ

Aslıhan YAVUZALP MARANGOZ, Ahmet Özgür AYDIN

Pandemi (Covid-19) Döneminde Kaynak Güvenilirliği Boyutlarının, Elektronik Ağızdan Ağıza İletişimin ve Marka İmajı Boyutlarının Tüketici Satın Alma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Instagram Fenomenleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Sefa ÖZDEMİR, Ramazan KAYHAN, İçim AKSOY ÖZER

The Evaluation of the Possible Results of Brand Hate in Terms of Brand Avoidance

Melis KAYTAZ YİĞİT, Müge ÖRS