KAPSAYICI LİDERLİĞİN İŞE GÖMÜLMÜŞLÜK ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNDE LİDER ÜYE ETKİLEŞİMİNİN ARACI ROLÜ

Bu çalışmanın amacı kapsayıcı liderlik ve işe gömülmüşlük arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu ilişkide lider üye etkileşiminin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Araştırma sonuçları 203 kamu çalışanından oluşturulan örneklem grubundan veri toplanarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kapsayıcı liderliğin çalışanların işe gömülmüşlük düzeyini etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca lider üye etkileşiminin işe gömülmüşlük üzerinde etkisinin anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kapsayıcı liderliğin işe gömülmüşlüğe etkisinde lider üye etkileşiminin aracı rolü tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda örgütlerde liderlerin kapsayıcı olması yani açık, ulaşılabilir olması ve çalışanlarla etkileşimlerinin bulunması çalışanların işe gömülmüşlüklerine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kapsayıcı liderlik, işe gömülmüşlük, lider üye etkileşimi

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF LEADER MEMBER EXCHANGE IN THE EFFECT OF INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP ON JOB EMBEDDEDNESS

This study aims to investigate the relationship between inclusive leadership and job embeddedness, as well as the mediating effect of leader member exchange on this relationship. The results of the research were obtained by collecting data from the sample group formed from 203 public employees. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that inclusive leadership affects the level of job embeddedness of employees. In addition, it was determined that leader member exchange had an effect on job embeddedness. The mediating role of leader-member interaction has been identified in the effect of inclusive leadership on job embeddedness. In line with the results obtained, the inclusiveness of leaders in organizations, that is, being open, accessible and interacting with employees will contribute to the embeddedness of employees.

Keywords:

Inclusive leadership, job embeddedness, leader member exchange,

PDF

___

Adapa, S. ve Sheridan, A. (2018). Inclusive Leadership Negotiating Gendered Spaces, Palgrave Macmillan, Switzerland.
Akgündüz, Y., Türksoy, S. S. ve Nisari, M. A. (2023). “How Leader–Member Exchange Affects Job Embeddedness and Job Dedication Through Employee Advocacy”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. 6/2, 492- 508.
Akgündüz, Y., Güzel, T. ve Harman, S. (2016). “Yöneticiye Güven Ve Dağıtımsal Adalet Çalışanların İşe Gömülmüşlüğünü Nasıl Etkiler?”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 16/2, 351-362.
Ali, I., Khan, M. M., Shakeel, S. ve Mujtaba, B. G. (2022). “Impact of Psychological Capital on Performance of Public Hospital Nurses: The Mediated Role of Job Embeddedness”, Public Organizational Review, 22, 135-154.
Anand, S., Hu, J., Liden, R. C. ve Vidyarthi, P. R. (2011). Leader– Member Exchange: Recent Research Findings and Prospects for the Future, 311–325. SAGE Handbook of Leadership, Los Angeles.
Bao, P., Xiao, Z., Baou, G. ve Noorderhaven, N. (2021). ”Inclusive Leadership And Employee Work Engagement: A Moderated Mediation Model”, Baltic Journal of Managenemt, 17 /1, 124-139.
Baron, R. ve Kenny, D. (1986). “The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction In Social Psychological Research: Comceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations’s”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51/6, 1173-1182.
Baş, T., Keskin, N. ve Mert, İ.S. (2010). “Lider Üye Etkileşimi (LÜE) Modeli ve Ölçme Aracının Türkçe’de Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Analizi”, Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 10/3, 1013-1039.
Biçkes, D. M. (2019). “Hizmetkâr Liderliğin İşe Gömülmüşlük Üzerindeki Etkisi”, 4. International EMI Entrepreneurship and Social Sciences Congress, Proceedings e-book, 580-590.
Bitmiş, M. G., Rodopman, B., Üner, M. M. ve Sökmen, A. (2015). “Katılımcı Liderliğin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisi: Örgütsel Feda Etmenin Aracılık Rolü”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17/1, 1-13.
Bourke, J. ve Espedido, A. (2020). “The Key to Inclusive Leadership”, March 06, 2020, Leadership.
Breukelen, W., Schyns, B. ve Blanc, P. (2006). “Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Research: Accomplishments and Future Challenges”, Sage Publications, 2/3, 295-316.
Brimhall, K. C., MorBarak, M. E., Hurlburt, M., McArdle, J.J., Palinkas, L., ve Henwood, B. (2016). “Increasing Workplace Inclusion: The Promise of Leader-Member Exchange, Human Service Organizationas: Management”, Leadership & Governance, 41/3, 222-239.
Büyükbeşe, T. ve Gökaslan, M. O. (2018). “İşe Gömülmüşlük, İşe Adanmışlık Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisi: Bir Alan Araştırması”, Mukaddime, 9/2, 135-154.
Carmeli, A., Palmon R.R. ve Ziv E. (2010). “Inclusive Leadership and Employee Involvement in Creative Tasks in the Workplace: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety”, Creativity Research Journal, 22/3, 250-260.
Civelek, M. E. (2018). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Metodolojisi, Beta Basım Yayın Dağıtım AŞ., İstanbul.
Collins, B. J., Burrus, C. J. ve Meyer, R. D. (2014), “Gender Differences in the Impact of Leadership Styles on Subordinate Embeddedness and Job Satisfaction”, Leadership Quarterly, 25/4, 660-671.
Crossley, C. D., Bennett, R. J., Jex, S. M. ve Burnfield, J. L. (2007). “Development of a Global Measure of Job Embeddedness and Integration into a Traditional Model of Voluntary Turnover”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92/4, 1031-1042.
Çekmecelioğlu, H. G. ve Ülker, F. (2014). “Lider-Üye Etkileşimi ve Çalışan Tutumları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Eğitim Sektöründe Bir Araştırma”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 28, 35-58.
Çetinkaya, B. ve Yeşilada, T. (2022). “Inclusive Leadership and Employee Innovative Work Behaviours: Testing a Psychological Empowerment and Leader-Member Exchange Moderated- Mediation Model”, Journal of Psychology in Africa, 32/1, 15-20.
Dechawatanapaisal, D. (2018). “Nurses’ Turnover Intention: The Impact of Leader‐Member Exchange, Organizational Identification and Job Embeddedness”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74/6, 1380-1391.
Dedeoğlu, T., Özdevecioğlu, M. ve Oflazer, S. (2016). “Örgütlerde İşe Gömülmüşlüğün (Job Embededness) Çalışanların İş ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: İyimserliğin Rolü”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, 135-146.
Dirican, A. H. ve Erdil, O. (2021). “Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlalinin İşe Gömülmüşlük Üzerine Etkisinde Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Aracılık Rolü”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13/1, 701-7018.
Dulebohn, J. H., Bommer, W. H., Liden, R. C., Brouer, R. L. ve Ferris, G. R. (2012). “A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Consequences of Leader-Member Exchange: Integrating the Past with an Eye Toward the Future”, Journal of Management, 38/6, 1715-1759.
Elsaied, M. M. (2020). “A Moderated Mediation Model for the Relationship Between Inclusive Leadership and Job Embeddedness”, American Journal of Business, 35 -3/4, 191-210.
Elvestuen, G. ve Valaker, S. (2021). “Who is an inclusive leader?-The Relationship Between Line Managers’ Experiences and Traits and Employees’ Perceived Inclusion”, International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 9/3, 28-41.
Erdoğan, B. ve Bauer, T. N. (2016). Leader-Member Exchange Theory: A Glimpse into the Future. in T. N. The Oxford Handbook df Leader-Member Exchange, 413–421, Oxford University Press.
Erdoğan, B., Liden, R. C. ve Kraimer, M. L. (2006). “Justice and Leader-Member Exchange: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture”, Academy of Management Journal, 49/2, 395-406.
Erkorkmaz, A., Etikon, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K. ve Sanisoğlu, S.Y. (2013). “Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi Ve Uyum İndeksleri”, Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 33/1, 210-223.
Fasbender, U., Van der Heijden, B. I. ve Grimshaw, S. (2019). ”Job Satisfaction, Job Stress and Nurses’ Turnover Intentions: The Moderating Roles of on‐the‐Job and off‐the‐Job Embeddedness”, Journal of advanced nursing, 75/2, 327-337.
Fatima, T., Raja, U., Malik, M. A. R. ve Jahanzeb, S. (2020). “Leader-Member Exchange Quality and Employees Job Outcomes: a Parallel Mediation Model”, Eurasian Business Review, 10/2, 6, 309-332.
Fuchs, R. M. (2021). “Links, Fit or Sacrifice: Job Embeddedness and Intention to Quit Among Generation Y.” , European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 31/2, 160-175.
Gökaslan, M. O. (2018). “Öğretmenlerde Örgütsel Bağlılık, İşe Gömülmüşlük, İşe Adanmışlık Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisi: Bir Alan Çalışması”, Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3/2, 25-46.
Graen, G. ve Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). “Relationship-based Approach to Leadership: Development of Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Theory of Leadership Over 25 Years: Applying a Multi-level Multidomain Perspective”, Leadership Quarterly, 6/2, 219–247.
Greene, J., Mero, N. ve Werner, S. (2018). “The Negative Effects of Job Embeddedness on Performance”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 33/1, 58-73.
Groysberg, B. ve Slind, M. (2012). “Leadership is a Conversation”, Harvard Business Review, 90/6, 76-84.
Guo, Y., Zhu, Y. ve Zhang, L. (2022). “Inclusive Leadership, Leader Identification and Employee Voice Behavior: The Moderating Role of Power Distance”, Current Psychology, 41, 1301-1310.
Gül, E. ve Çakıcı, A. B. (2021). “Kapsayıcı Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması ve Kapsayıcı Liderliğin İş Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Psikolojik Güvenliğin Aracılık Rolü”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 24/2, 323-339.
Gümüş, A. ve Gönül, F. (2022). “Çalışmaya Tutkunluk, İş performansı Ve İşe Gömülmüşlük Arasındaki İlişki”, Dicle Akademi Dergisi, 2/2, 77-94.
Gürbüz, S. (2019). Amos ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara.
Gürbüz, S. ve Ayhan, Ö. (2017). “Lidere Yakın Olmanın Dayanılmaz Hafifliği: Lider Üye Etkileşimi, Görev Performansı, Tecrübe ve Terfi Edilebilirlik Arasındaki İlişkilerin Testi”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 32/80, 1-15.
Harris, K. J., Wheeler, A. R. ve Kacmar, K. M. (2011). “The Mediating Role of Organizational Embeddedness in The LMX-Outcome Relationships”, The Leadership Quarterly, 22/2, 271-281.
Hassan, S. ve Jiang, Z. (2021). “Facilitating Learning to Improve Performance of Law Enforcement Workgroups: The Role of Inclusive Leadership Behavior”, International Public Management Journal, 24 /1, 106-130.
Hogg, M., Martin, R., Epitropaki, O., Mankad, A, Svensson, A. ve Weeden, K. (2005). “Effective Leadership in Salient Groups: Revisiting Leader-Member Exchange Theory from the Perspective of the Social Identity Theory of Leadership”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31/7, 991- 1004.
Holtom, B. C. (2016). Job Embeddedness, Employee Commitment, and Related Constructs. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Javed, B., Abdullah, I., Zaffar, M. A., Haque, A. ve Rubab, U. (2019). “Inclusive Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Psychological Empowerment”, Journal of Management e-Organization, 25, 554-571.
Javed, B., Khan, A. K. ve Quratulain, S. (2018). “Inclusive Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: Examination of LMX Perspective in Small Capitalized Textile Firms”, The Journal of Psychology, 152/8, 594-612.
Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P. F., Lee, T. W. ve Mitchell, T. R. (2012). “When and How is Job Embeddedness Predictive of Turnover? A Meta-Analytic İnvestigation”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 97/5, 1077–1096.
Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
Kanbur, A. ve Kanbur, E. (2015). “Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Örgütsel Sinizme Etkisi: Algılanan İçsellik Statüsünün Aracılık Rolü”, Zeitschrift tür die Welt der Türken, Journal of World of Turks, 7/2, 193-216.
Kanbur, E. ve Mazıoğlu, V. (2021). “Örgütlerde İşe Gömülmüşlük”, Yönetim-Strateji Organizasyon: Teoride ve Uygulamada, Cilt 2, 271-287 (Ed: Şahin Karabulut) Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
Kanten, P., Kanten, S. ve Gürlek, M., “The Effect of Organizational Structures and Learning Organization on Job Embeddedness and Individual Adaptive Performance”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 1358-1366.
Karatepe, O. M. (2016). “Does Job Embeddedness Mediate Effects of Coworker and Family Support on Creative Performance? An Empirical Study in the Hotel Industry”, Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15/2, 119-132.
Karcıoğlu, F. ve Kahya, C. (2011). “Lider-Üye Etkileşimi ve Çatışma Yönetimi Stili İlişkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15/2, 337-352.
Ke, J., Zhang, J. ve Zheng, L. (2022). “Inclusive Leadership, Workplace Spirituality and Job Performance in the Public Sector: A Multi-Level Double-Moderated Mediation Model of Leader-Member Exchange and Percieved Dissimilaritiy”, Public Performance & Management Review, 45/3, 672-705.
Kesen, M. ve Akyüz, M. (2016). “Duygusal Emek ve Prososyal Motivasyonun İşe Gömülmüşlüğe Etkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25/2, 233-250.
Kline, P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis, Rautledge, NewYork. Liden, R. ve Maslyn, J. (1998). “Multidimensionality of Leader Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment Through Scale Development”, Journal of Management, 24/1, 43-72.
Lloyd, K., Boer, D. ve Voelpel, S. C. (2017). “From Listening to Leading: Toward an Understanding of Supervisor Listening within the Framework of Leader- Member Exchange Theory”, International Journal of Business Communication, 54/4, 431-451.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2010). “Leader- Member Exchange Theory: Another Perspective on the Leadership Process”, International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 13/1, 1-5.
Mind Tools, (2021). The Leader- Member Exchange Theory, June, 7, Elde edilme tarihi: 10 Ocak 2023, https://www.mindtools.com/amtuftp/the-leader-member-exchange-theory
Misican, D.Ö. (2021). “İşe Gömülmüşlük Algısının Örgütsel Sosyalleşmenin Sinizm Üzerindeki Etkisinde Aracı Rolü”, İş-Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 23/1, 111-132.
Mitchell, T., Holtom, B., Lee, T., Sablynski, C. ve Erez, M. (2001). “Why People Stay: Using Job Embeddedness to Predict Voluntary Turnover”, Academy of Management Journal, 44/6, 1102-1121.
Nembhard, I. M. ve Edmondson, A. C. (2006). “Making It Safe: The Effects of Leader Inclusiveness and Professional Status on Psychological Safety and Improvement Efforts in Health Care Teams”, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27, 941-966.
Ng, T. W. ve Feldman, D. C. (2010). “The Impact of Job Embeddedness on Innovation‐Related Behaviors”, Human Resource Management, 49/6, 1067-1087.
Nie, D. ve Lamsa, A.M. (2015). “The Leader-Member Exchange Theory in the Chinese Context and the Ethical Challenge of Guanxi”, Journal of Business Ethics, 851-861.
Nishii, L. H. ve Mayer, D. M. (2009). “Do Inclusive Leaders Help to Reduce Turnover in Diverse Groups? The Moderating Role of Leader-Member Exchange in the Diversity to Turnover Relationship”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 94/6, 1412–1426.
Omillion- Hodges, L. M. ve Ptacek, J. K. (2021). Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Communication, New Perspective in Organizational Communication, ebook, Switzerland.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88/5, 879-903.
Randel, A. E., Galvin, B. M., Shore, L. M., Ehrhart, K. H., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A. ve Kedharnath, U. (2018). “Inclusive Leadership: Realizing Positive Outcomes Through Belongingness and Being Valued for Uniqueness”, Human Resource Management Review, 28, 190-203.
Saghih, A. M. F. ve Nosrati, S. (2020). “The Antecedents of Job Embeddedness and Their Effeects on Cyberloafing Among Employees of Public Universities in Eastern Iran”, International Journal of Islamicand Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 14/1, 77-93.
Sekiguchi, T., Burton, J. P. ve Sablynski, C. J. (2008). “The Role of Job Embeddedness on Employee Performance: The Interactive Effects with Leader–Member Exchange and Organization‐Based Self-Esteem”, Personnel Psychology, 61(4), 761-792.
Shah, I. A. Csordas, T., Akram, U., Yadav, A. ve Rasool, H. (2020). “Multifaced Role of Job Embeddedness Within Organizations: Development of Sustainable Approach to Reducing Turnover Intention”, Sage Open, April-June, 1-19.
Sheer, V. C. (2015). “Exchange Lost in Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Research: A Critique and A Reconceptualization”, Leadership, 11/2, 213-229.
Shore, L. M., Randel, A. M., Chung, B. G., Ehrhart, K. H. ve Singh, G. (2011). “Inclusion and Diversity in Work Groups: A Review and Model for Future Research”, Journal of Management, 37/4, 1262-1289.
Sürücü, L. (2021). “Lider Üye Etkileşimi: Literatür Taraması”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 17/1, 257- 277.
Sürücü, L. ve Maslakçı, A. (2021). “Kapsayıcı Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 22/2, 201-215.
Şahin, F. (2011). “Lider-Üye Etkileşimi İle İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki Üzerinde Cinsiyetin Etkisi”, Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 11/2, 277-288.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. ve Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics, Pearson, Boston.
Tekin, E. (2018). “Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Örgütsel Adalet Algısının Aracılık Rolü”, Business and Management Studies An International Journal, 6/1, 291-314.
Turhan, M., Onan, G. ve Helvacı, İ. (2023). “Otantik Liderliğin İşe Gömülmüşlük Üzerindeki Etkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Fiscaoeconomia, 7(1), 274-300.
Valle, M., Kacmar, K. M., Zivnuska, S. ve Harting, T. (2019). “Abusive Supervision, Leader-Member Exchange, and Moral Disengagement: A Moderated-Mediation Model of Organizational Deviance”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 159/3, 299-312.
Wijayanto, B.R. ve Kismono, G. (2004). “The Effect of Job Embeddedness on Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 6/3, 335-354.
Xiang, H., Chen, Y. ve Zhao, F. (2017). “Inclusive Leadership, Psychological Capital, and Employee Innovation Performance: The Moderating Role of Leader-Member Exchange”, 2nd International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology.
Ye, Q., Wang, D. ve Guo, W. (2019). “Inclusive Leadership and Team Innovation: The Role of Team Voice and Performance Pressure”, European Management Journal, 37/4, 468-480.
Yılmaz, V. ve Dalbudak, Z. İ. (2018). “Aracı Değişken Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Yüksek Hızlı Tren İşletmeciliği Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 14/2, 517-534.
Yin, L. W. (2013). Inclusive Leadership and Employee Voice: Mediating Roles of Psychological Safety and Leader-member Exchange, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Hong Kong Baptist University.
Yoon, D., Hyun Han, C. S., Lee, S. K., Cho, J., Sung, M. ve Han, S. J. (2022). “The Critical Role of Job Embeddedness: The Impact of Psychological Empowerment and Learning Orientation on Organizational Commitment”, Frontiers in Psycology, 13, 1-12.
Zhao, F., Ahmed, F. ve Faraz, N. A. (2020). “Caring for the Caregiver During Covid-19 Outbreak: Does Inclusive Leadership Improve Psychological Safety and Curb Psychological Distress? Across-Sectional Study”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 110, 1-11.
Zhang, M., Hu, E. ve Lin, Y. (2022). “The Impact of Flexibility-Oriented HRM Systems on Innovative Behaviour in China: a Moderated Mediation Model of Dualistic Passion and Inclusive Leadership”, Asia Pasific Business Review, 29/1, 114-135.