Öğrenme Etkili Erken/Geç Tamamlanma Çizelgeleme Problemleri İçin bir Literatür Araştırması

Bir görev veya iş sürekli yapıldığı takdirde belirli bir alışkanlık ve öğrenme olur ve ilerleyen zamanlarda bu işi tamamlamak için gerekli kaynaklara olan (işgücü, malzeme, vb.) ihtiyaç azalır. Bu "Öğrenme Eğrisi" ile ilk kez Wright tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Wright uçakların üretiminde üretilen uçak sayısı artarken direk işçilik maliyetlerinde nasıl bir azalma olduğunu tespit etmiştir. Bu gözlemin doğruluğu uçak üreticileri tarafından da tutarlı bulunmuştur. "Öğrenme Etkisi" ise; aynı veya benzer işlerin tekrarlanmasıyla üretim sürecinde işlerin tekrar sayısı nispetinde daha kısa sürede yapılmasını ifade eden etkidir. Günümüzde klasik üretim sistemlerine yeni yaklaşımlarla çağın gereklerine daha uygun sistemler uyarlanmıştır. Tam Zamanında Üretim Sistemi (TZÜ) felsefesi de en önemli modern üretim felsefelerinden biridir. Stoksuz üretim veya "0" envanter gibi isimlerle de bilinen TZÜ, tüm üretim kaynaklarının optimum kullanımı ilkesine dayanır. Tam zamanında çizelgeleme olarak ta nitelendirebileceğimiz Erken(Earliness)/Geç(Tardiness) tamamlanma cezalarının minimizasyonu problemi TZÜ felsefesinden esinlenerek ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada çizelgelemede erken/geç tamamlanma performans kriteri ve öğrenme etkili işleme özelliğinin dikkate alındığı yayınlara yönelik literatür taraması ve sonucunda literatüre yönelik bazı tespitler yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çizelgeleme, E/G tamamlanma, Öğrenme etkisi, Literatür tarama.

A Literature Survey for Earliness/Tardiness Scheduling Problems with Learning Effect

When a task or work is done continuously, there will be an experience so following times needs of required resources (manpower, materials, etc.) will be reduced. This learning curve described first by Wright. Wright determined how workmanship costs decreased while proceed plain increasing. This investigations correctness found consistent by plain producers. Learning effect is an effect that, works can be done in shorter time in the rate of repeat of work with repeating same or similar works in production process. Nowadays classical production systems adapted more acceptable systems with new approaches. Just in time production system (JIT) philosophy is one of the most important production system philosophies. JIT which is known production without stock stands on using all product resources optimum. Minimization problem of Earliness/Tardiness finishing penalty, which we can describe Just in time scheduling, appeared by inspired from JIT philosophy. In this study, there is literature survey which directed to earliness/tardiness performance criteria and learning effect processing in scheduling and as a result of this it is obtained some establishing for literature.

Keywords:

Scheduling, Earliness/Tardiness, Learning effect, Literature survey.,

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