S-Tipi Granitlerdeki Beyaz Mikaların Raman Karakteristikleri: Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksi Kuzey Bölümü

S-tipi granitler genel olarak kıta-kıta çarpışması veya yitim kuşağının başlangıcında çarpışma ile eş zamanlı olarak oluşmaktadır. Bu granitler, üst kabuğun bindirme fay zonları boyunca 500-650 ℃ sıcaklıklarda kısmi ergimesi sonucu oluşurlar. Bu kayaların ana kaynakları sedimanter ürünlerden türediğinden dolayı S-tipi granitler şeklinde adlandırılırlar. S-tipi granitler el örneklerinde açık renkli, faneritik dokulu olup başlıca kuvars, K-feldispat, beyaz mika (muskovit), anortit içeriği düşük plajiyoklaz ve az miktarda siyah mikadan (biyotit) oluşmaktadırlar. Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksi’nin kuzey-kuzeybatı bölümünde yer alan granitler S-tipi granit bileşiminde olup başlıca kuvars, ortoklaz, muskovit ve az oranda oligoklaz, albit ve biyotitten oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada S-tipi granitler içerisindeki muskovitlerin Raman karakteristikleri belirlenmiştir. Muskovitlerin Raman spektroskopik ölçümleri sonucunda 50-1250 $cm^{-1}$ ve 2800-3623 $cm^{-1}$ dalga sayısı aralıklarındaki spektrumları elde edilmiştir. Bu spektral verilere göre, belirgin Raman kayma değerlerinin görüldüğü spektral bölgeler tespit edilmiştir. 1200-875 $cm^{-1}$ arasındaki spektral bölgede Si–O–Si(Al) gerilme titreşimlerini temsil eden bantlar bulunmaktadır. 750-650 $cm^{-1}$ arasındaki spektral bölgede O–Al–O bükülme titreşimlerinden kaynaklanan bantlar görülmektedir. 500-225 $cm^{-1}$ arasındaki spektral bölgede, başlıca O–Al–O ve O–Si–O translasyonları ile ilişkili karışık karaktere sahip bantlar mevcuttur. 225-75 cm-1 arasındaki spektral bölgede Al-OH ve levha translasyonlarına bağlı bantlar gözlenir. 2800-3623 cm-1 arasındaki spektral bölgedeki bantların ise O-H ya da C-H gerilme titreşimlerinden kaynaklanan bantlarla örtüşebileceği görülmüştür. Böylece, S-tipi granitlerdeki muskovitlerin Raman spektrum özelliklerinin granitlerin kökeni ve kaynağının belirlenmesinde kullanılmasının mümkün olabileceği ortaya konmuştur.

Raman Characteristics of White Micas within the S-Type Granites: Northern Part of Yozgat Intrusive Complex

S-type granites are generally formed simultaneously with continent-continent collision or syn-collision related to the beginning of the subduction zone. These granites are formed as a result of partial melting of the upper crust at temperatures of 500-650 ℃ along the thrust fault zones. They are called S-type granites because the main sources of these rocks are sedimentary products. S-type granites have a light colored, phaneritic texture in hand specimens, consist mainly of quartz, Kfeldspar, white mica (muscovite), plagioclase with low anorthite content (mostly in oligoclase and albite composition) and with rare amount of black mica (biotite). The granites located in the north-northwest part of the Yozgat Intrusive Complex are formed S-type granite composition and consist mainly of quartz, orthoclase, muscovite and rare amount of oligoclase, albite and biotite. In this study, Raman characteristics of the muscovites within the S-type granites were determined. As a result of Raman spectroscopic measurements of muscovites, their spectra in wavenumber ranges of 50-1250 $cm^{-1}$ and 2800-3623 $cm^{-1}$ were obtained. According to these spectral data, spectral regions with significant Raman shift values were determined. There are bands representing Si–O–Si(Al) stretching vibrations in the spectral region between 1200-875 $cm^{-1}$. In the spectral region between 750-650 cm1, bands originating from O–Al–O bending vibrations are seen. In the spectral region between 500-225 $cm^{-1}$, there are bands having mixed character mainly associated to O–Al–O and O–Si–O translations. In the spectral region between 225-75 $cm^{-1}$, bands are observed related to Al-OH and sheet translations. It has been seen that the bands in the spectral region between 2800-3623 cm-1 may overlap with the bands originating from O-H or C-H stretching vibrations. Thus, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to use the Raman spectrum properties of muscovites in S-type granites to determine the nature and source of the granites.

PDF

___

Akçe MA. Yozgat Batolitinin kuzey bölümünün jeolojisi ve petrolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, sayfa no:118, Ankara, Türkiye, 2003.
Akçe MA. Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksinin jeolojisi, petrolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Kristalen Karmaşığındaki zamansal ve mekansal konumu. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, sayfa no:240, Ankara, Türkiye, 2010.
Akçe MA., Kadıoğlu YK. Petrology of s-type granites and gabbros of Yozgat Batholith: Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2004; 68(11) Suppl. 1: A659.
Akçe MA., Kadıoğlu YK. Yozgat batoliti kuzey bölümündeki lökogranitlerin petrolojisi. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 2005; 48(2): 1-20.
Akçe MA., Kadıoğlu YK. Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksindeki granatların Raman konfokal spektroskopik karakteristikleri. 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 13-17 Nisan 2009a, sayfa no:614-615, Ankara.
Akçe MA., Kadıoğlu YK. Raman spektroskopisinin mineralojide kullanımı: Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksi, Orta Anadolu. XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi, 23-26 Haziran 2009b, sayfa no:14, Ankara.
Akçe MA., Kadıoğlu YK. Raman spektroskopisinin ilkeleri ve mineral tanımlamalarında kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2020; 9(2): 99-115.
Blaha JJ., Rosasco GJ. Raman microprobe spectra of individual microcrystals and fibers of talc, tremolite, and related silicate minerals. Analytical Chemistry 1978; 50(7): 892-896.
Boztuğ D. Kırşehir Bloğundaki Yozgat batoliti doğu kesiminin (Sorgun Güneyi) petrografisi, ana element jeokimyası ve petrojenezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Yerbilimleri Dergisi 1994; 9 (1- 2): 1-20.
Chukanov NV., Vigasina MF. Vibrational (Infrared and Raman) spectra of minerals and related compounds. 1st ed. Springer Mineralogy Series. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2020.
Smith E., Dent G. Modern Raman spectroscopy: a practical approach. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley; 2019.
Deniz K. Buzlukdağı (Kırşehir) alkali magmatik kayaçların jeolojisi, petrolojisi ve konfokal Raman spektrometresi ile incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, sayfa no:138, Ankara, Türkiye, 2010.
Deniz K. Mica types as indication of magma nature, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 2021; doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14670.
Deniz K., Kadıoğlu YK. Investigation of feldspar raw material potential of alkali feldspar granites and alkali feldspar syenites within Central Anatolia. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 2019; 158: 265-289.
Deniz K., Kadıoğlu YK., Koralay T., Güllü B., Akçe MA., Kılıç CO. Petrology and Raman characterization of leucitites within the ultrapotassic rocks: Afyon, NW Turkey. Mineralogical Magazine 2013; 77(5): 974.
Ekici T., Boztuğ D. Anatolid-Pontid çarpışma sisteminin pasif kenarında yer alan Yozgat Batolitinde synCOLG ve post-COLG granitoyid birlikteliği. Yerbilimleri 1997; 30(1): 519-538.
Erler A., Göncüoğlu MC. Geologic and tectonic setting of the Yozgat Batholith, Northern Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey. International Geology Review 1996; 38(8): 714-726.
Farmer VC. Differing effects of particle size and shape in the infrared and Raman spectra of kaolinite. Clay Minerals 1998; 33(4): 601-604.
Foucher F., Guimbretière G., Bost N., Westall F. Petrographical and mineralogical applications of Raman mapping. In: Maaz, K. (ed.) Raman spectroscopy and applications. InTechOpen 2017; 163-180.
Foucher F., Lopez-Reyes G., Bost N., Rull-Perez F., Rüßmann P., Westall F. Effect of grain size distribution on Raman analyses and the consequences for in situ planetary missions. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 2013; 44(6): 916-925.
Fries M., Steele A. Raman spectroscopy and confocal Raman imaging in mineralogy and petrography. In: Toporski, J., Dieing, T., Hollricher, O. (eds.) Confocal Raman microscopy. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, Springer International Publishing 2018; 66: 209-236.
Frost RL. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of kaolinite, dickite and halloysite. Clays and Clay Minerals 1995; 43(2): 191-195.
Frost RL., Kloprogge JT. Raman spectroscopy of nontronites. Applied Spectroscopy 2000; 54(3): 402-405.
Frost RL., Rintoul L. Lattice vibrations of montmorillonite: an FT Raman and X-ray diffraction study. Applied Clay Science 1996; 11(2-4): 171-183.
Frost RL., Van der Gaast SJ. Kaolinite hydroxyls - a Raman study. Clay Minerals 1997; 32(3): 471-484.
Göncüoğlu MC., Toprak V., Kuşcu İ., Erler A., Olgun E. Orta Anadolu Masifinin Batı bölümünün jeolojisi, Bölüm 1: Güney kesim. TPAO, 1991; Rapor No: 2909 (yayımlanmamış).
Görür N., Oktay FY., Seymen İ., Şengör AMC. Palaeotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure. In: Dixon J.E., Robertson A.H.F. (eds) The geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1984; 17: 467-482.
Griffith WP. Raman spectroscopy of minerals. In: Farmer, V.C. (ed.) The infrared spectra of minerals. Mineralogical Society Monograph, London: Mineralogical Society; 1974; 4: 119-135.
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu YK. Orta Anadolu’daki farklı turmalinlerin konfokal Raman spektrometrisi ile tanımlanması. 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 13-17 Nisan 2009, sayfa no:630-631, Ankara.
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu YK. Use of tourmaline as a potential petrogenetic indicator in the determination of host magma: CRS, XRD and PED-XRF methods. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2017; 183: 68-74.
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu YK., Koralay T., Deniz K. Raman characteristics of Gücünkaya (Aksaray) gabbroic rocks, Central Anatolia-Turkey. 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July 2019, 19(1.1): page number:475-482, Bulgaria.
Kadıoğlu YK., Dilek Y., Foland KA. Slab break-off and syncollisional origin of the Late Cretaceous magmatism in the Central Anatolian crystalline complex, Turkey. In: Dilek Y., Pavlides S. (eds) Postcollisional tectonics and magmatism in the Mediterranean region and Asia. Special Papers - Geological Society of America 2006; 409: 381-415.
Kadıoğlu YK., Deniz K., Koralay T., Güllü B. Nature of the gabbro in Central Anatolia: geological observation and spectroscopic applications, Turkey. 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July 2019, 19(1.1): page number:377-384, Bulgaria.
Kadıoğlu YK., Koralay T., Zoroğlu O., Güllü B., Akçe MA., Deniz K., Yıldırım B. Differentiation of ophiolitic and nonophiolitic gabbros using confocal Raman spectroscopy: Central Anatolia Turkey. Mineralogical Magazine 2011; 75(3): 1133.
Ketin İ. Yozgat bölgesinin jeolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Masifinin tektonik durumu. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 1955; 6(1): 1-28.
Kloprogge JT., Frost RL. The effect of synthesis temperature on the FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra of saponites. Vibrational Spectroscopy 2000; 23(1): 119-127.
Koralay T., Kadıoğlu YK., Jiang SY. Determination of tourmaline composition in pegmatite from Buldan, Denizli (Western Anatolia, Turkey) using XRD, XRF, and confocal Raman spectroscopy. Spectroscopy Letters 2013; 46(7): 499-506.
Koralay T., Ören U. Determination of spectroscopic features and gemstone potential of garnet crystals from the Çamköy region (Aydın - SW Turkey) using XRPD, XRF, confocal Raman spectroscopy, EPMA and gemological test methods. Periodico di Mineralogia 2020; 89(2): 105-123.
Larkin PJ. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy: principles and spectral interpretation. 1st ed. Waltham, USA: Elsevier; 2011.
Loh E. Optical vibrations in sheet silicates. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 1973; 6(6): 1091-1104.
Lünel AT. An approach to the naming, origin and age of Baranadağ monzonite of the Kırşehir intrusive suite. METU Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 1985; 18(3): 385-404.
McKeown DA., Bell MI., Etz ES. Vibrational analysis of the dioctahedral mica: 2M1 muscovite. American Mineralogist 1999a; 84(7-8): 1041-1048.
McKeown DA., Bell MI., Etz ES. Vibrational analysis of the trioctahedral mica phlogopite. American Mineralogist 1999b; 84(5-6): 970-976.
McMillan PF., Hofmeister, AM. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In: Hawthorne, F.C. (ed.) Reviews in mineralogy: spectroscopic methods in mineralogy and geology. Washington, D.C.: Mineralogical Society of America 1988; 18(1): 99-159.
Nasdala L., Smith DC., Kaindl R., Gaft M., Ziemann MA. Raman spectroscopy: analytical perspectives in mineralogical research. In: Beran, A., Libowitzky, E. (eds.) Spectroscopic methods in mineralogy. EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Budapest, Hungary: Eötvös University Press 2004; 6: 281-343.
Norman TN., Gökçen SL., Şenalp M. Sedimentation pattern in Central Anatolia at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Cretaceous Research 1980; 1(1): 61-84.
Petry R., Mastalerz R., Zahn S., Mayerhöfer TG., Völksch G., Viereck-Götte L., Kreher-Hartmann B., Holz L., Lankers M., Popp J. Asbestos mineral analysis by UV Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. ChemPhysChem 2006; 7(2): 414-420.
Rinaudo C., Gastaldi D., Belluso E. Characterization of chrysotile, antigorite and lizardite by FT-Raman spectroscopy. The Canadian Mineralogist 2003; 41(4): 883-890.
Robert J-L., Beny J-M., Della Ventura G., Hardy M. Fluorine in micas: crystal-chemical control of the OH-F distribution between trioctahedral and dioctahedral sites. European Journal of Mineralogy 1993; 5(1): 7-18.
Seymen İ. Kaman (Kırşehir) dolayında Kırşehir masifi’nin stratigrafisi ve metamorfizması. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 1981; 24(2): 7-14.
Singh M., Singh L. Vibrational spectroscopic study of muscovite and biotite layered phyllosilicates. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics 2016; 54: 116-122.
Smith E., Dent G. Modern Raman spectroscopy: a practical approach. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley; 2019.
Socrates G. Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies: tables and charts. 3rd ed. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons; 2001.
Streckeisen A. To each plutonic rock its proper name. Earth Science Reviews 1976; 12(1): 1-33.
Šontevska V., Jovanovski G., Makreski P., Raškovska A., Šoptrajanov B. Minerals from Macedonia. XXI. vibrational spectroscopy as identificational tool for some phyllosilicate minerals. Acta Chimica Slovenica 2008; 55(4): 757-766.
Tatar S., Boztuğ D. Fractional crystallization and magma mingling/mixing processes in the monzonitic association in the SW part of the composite Yozgat Batholith (Şefaatli-Yerköy, SW Yozgat). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 1998; 7(3): 215-230.
Tlili A., Smith DC., Beny JM., Boyer H. A Raman microprobe study of natural micas. Mineralogical Magazine 1989; 53(370): 165-179.
Wada N., Kamitakahara WA. Inelastic neutron- and Raman-scattering studies of muscovite and vermiculite layered silicates. Physical Review B 1991; 43(3): 2391-2397.
Wang A., Freeman JJ., Jolliff BL. Understanding the Raman spectral features of phyllosilicates. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 2015; Special Issue: 11th International GeoRaman Conference, 46(10): 829-845.
Wang A., Freeman J., Kuebler KE. Raman spectroscopic characterization of phyllosilicates. The 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 11-15 2002, #1374, League City, Texas, USA.
Whitney DL., Evans BW. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist 2010; 95(1): 185-187.
Wopenka B., Popelka R., Pasteris JD., Rotroff S. Understanding the mineralogical composition of ancient Greek pottery through Raman microprobe spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy 2002; 56(10): 1320- 1328.
Zoroğlu O., Kadıoğlu YK. Behavior of amphiboles in the determination of magma zoning using confocal Raman spectrometry: Beypazarı Oymaağaç granitoid-Ankara Turkey. The Second International Conference on Geo-Resources in The Middle East and North Africa (GRMENA-2), February 24-28 2007, page number:110-111, Cairo, Egypt.