Etlik Piliçlerde Erken Dönem Besleme Uygulamaları

Piliç etinin özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde insanların hayvansal protein ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. İnsan beslenmesinde piliç eti, tat ve lezzetinin yanı sıra ucuz ve kaliteli protein kaynaklarının başında gelmektedir. Etlik piliç üretiminde amaç, hızlı büyüyen, yemden daha iyi yararlanan ve kaliteli karkas üreten piliçler yetiştirmektir. Gelişim hızı direk olarak hayvanın genetik özelliği, fizyolojisi ve metabolizması ile yakından ilgilidir. Bu üstün materyalden beklenen üretim potansiyelinin elde edilebilmesi için etlik piliçlerin optimal koşullarda yetiştirilmesi gerekir. Üretimde verimi etkileyen koşullarından en önemlilerinden biri beslemedir. Günümüzde standart besleme yöntemlerine ilave erken dönem besleme olarak bilinen kuluçkadan çıkış öncesi (kuluçka dönemi) ve kuluçkadan çıkış sonrası olmak üzere 2 farklı dönemde beslemeye yönelik araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. İn ovo ve ön başlatma yemi olarak bilinen bu uygulamalar etlik piliç standart besleme periyodunun dışında uygulanan performans arttırmaya yönelik besleme metotlarıdır. Erken dönemde civcivleri besleme, sistemlerinin hızlı ve hassas gelişmelerini tamamlaması için oldukça önemlidir. Yapılan derlemede hızlı gelişen ticari etlik piliçlerin kuluçka sonu ve erken dönem ilk 0-5 gün boyunca ön başlatma yemi ile beslenmesinin önemi ve sonraki dönemlerinde performanslarına etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Early Feeding Practices in Broiler Chickens

It is a known fact that chicken meat has an important potential in meeting the animal protein needs of people especially in developing countries. In human nutrition, chicken meat is one of the leading cheap and high quality protein sources besides its taste and flavor. The purpose of broiler chicken production is to raise chickens that grow fast, make better use of feed and produce quality carcass. The rate of growth is directly related to the genetic characteristics, physiology and metabolism of the animal. In order to obtain the production potential expected from this superior material, broilers should be grown under optimal conditions. The most important environmental conditions that determine efficiency in production is feding. Nowadays, researches are carried out on the application of early feeding in addition to standard feeding methods in 2 different periods as the pre-hatching period (incubation period) and the post-hatching period. These applications, known as in ovo and pre-starter feed, are feeding methods to increase the performance applied outside the broiler standard feeding period. Feeding chicks in the early period is essential for their systems to complete their rapid and precise development. In this review, the importance of feeding fast growing commercial broiler chickens with pre-starter feed at the end of incubation and early period for the first 0-5 days and its effect on their performance in the following periods were tried to be revealed.

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