Şermin DEMİRTAŞ, CAN GÜNGÖR, RAZİYE NESRİN DEMİRTAŞ

Sağlıklı Yaşlanma ve Fiziksel Aktivite: Bireysel, Psikososyal ve Çevresel Özelliklerin Buna Katkısı

Yaşlanma, önlenmesi mümkün olmayan kronolojik, sosyolojik, biyolojik ve psikolojik bir gerilemedir. Sağlıklı yaşlanma kavramı günümüzde giderek önem kazanmıştır. Sağlıklı yaşlanma ve fiziksel aktivite arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sedanter yaşam tarzı, çeşitli hastalıklara yol açarak yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen ve erken ölümlere neden olan önemli bir toplum sağlığı sorunudur. Bireysel, psiko-sosyal özellikler, düzensiz şehirleşme ve teknolojik gelişmeler bireyleri sedanter yaşama yöneltmektedir. Bireyin fiziksel aktiviteye katılma kararı, çevrenin algılanmasında rol oynayan bilişsel faktörlerden, sağlık durumundan, kendini algılama biçiminden, psiko-sosyal ve sosyo-ekonomik durumdan, yaşanılan binanın çevresinin özelliklerinden etkilenebilir. Kentsel tasarım ve altyapı hizmetleri sunulurken, bireyleri fiziksel aktiviteye teşvik etmek için gerekli düzenlemeler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Fiziksel aktivite için güvenli, çekici ve pratik olan, ulaşım ve boş zamanları değerlendirmede kolaylık sağlayan düzenlemeler yapılarak, çevre sakinlerinin fiziksel aktiviteyi yaşamlarına katmalarına yardımcı olunabilir. Yapılan araştırmalar, insanların yoğun olduğu, alışveriş imkanı olan, restoranlar, toplu taşıma imkanları, parklar, spor salonları, yaya kaldırımları ve geçitleri, aydınlatma ve trafik lambaları, bisiklet yollarının bulunduğu yürünebilir çevrede ve psiko-sosyal desteğin arttığı bir ortamda yaşayan insanların, fiziksel olarak daha aktif olduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, gerek yetişkin dönemde, gerekse yaşlılıkta farklı yönlerden fiziksel aktiviteyi destekleyen bir ortamda yaşamak ve böylece fiziksel olarak daha aktif olmak, oluşabilecek birçok kronik hastalık riskini azaltarak, daha sağlıklı bir yaşlılık dönemi geçirme olanağı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sağlıklı yaşlanma, fiziksel aktivite, bireysel özellikler, psikososyal özellikler

Healthy Aging and Physical Activity: the Contribution of İndividual, Psychosocial and Environmental Features to This

Aging is a chronological, sociological, biological and psychological degression that can not be prevented. The concept of healthy aging has become increasingly important today. It has been found that there is a significant relationship between healthy aging and physical activity. Sedentary lifestyle that adversely affects the quality of life leading to various diseases and causes premature death, is an important public health problem. The individual, psycho-social features, irregular urbanization and technological developments led to individuals to sedentary life. The individual's decision to participate in physical activity may be affected from the cognitive factors that play a role to perceive the environment, the health state, self-perception, the socio economic and psycho-social situations and the characteristics of the surrounding buildings. While providing urban design and infrastructure services, the required arrangements to encourage individuals to physical activity should be considered. It can be help to residents to add the physical activity into their lives making regulations that are safe, attractive and practical for physical activity, and provide convenience for transportation and to appreciate leisure time, The studies made revealed that the people lived in an walkable environment where people were busy, shopping could be done, where there were restaurants, public transport, parks, sports halls, sidewalks and passages, lighting and traffic lights, bike path, and in an environment that psycho-social support increased were more physical active than those lived around these facilities less. Consequently, to live in an environment that promotes physical activity in different ways, both in the adult and in the elderly, and thus to become physically more active will provide the opportunity to pass a healthier aging period reducing the risk of many chronic illnesses that may occur

Keywords:

Healthy aging physical activity, individual characteristics, psychosocial features, environmental features,

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