Rahman KUSHİYEV, CELAL TUNÇER, İSMAİL ERPER

Kabuk ve ambrosya böceklerine karşı alternatif mücadele olarak entomopatojen fungusların kullanımı

Kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae ve Platypodinae) dünyanın birçok ülkesinde orman ve meyve ağaçlarını ciddi şekilde tehdit eden önemli zararlılardır. Bu böceklerin hayatlarının uzun bir dönemini ağaçların içerisinde geçirmeleri, sadece ergin dönemde ağaçları terk etmeleri, birden fazla türün aynı bitki türü üzerinde zararlı olabilmesi ve bu türlerin ergin çıkış dönemlerinin uzun bir zaman dilimine yayılıyor olması gibi nedenlerle kimyasal mücadeleleri oldukça zor olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, söz konusu mücadele birden fazla kimyasal uygulama yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Diğer yandan kimyasal mücadelenin bilinen olumsuzlukları nedeniyle bu zararlılarla mücadelede alternatif yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu açıdan entomopatojen funguslar kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleri gibi ağaç dokuları içinde yaşayan zararlıların mücadelesinde oldukça uygun biyolojik mücadele etmenleridir. Entomopatojen funguslar sadece ergin ölümlerine neden olmakla kalmamakta, aynı zamanda bu böceklerin galerileri içerisinde horizontal ve vertikal yolla taşınarak böcek popülasyonunu önemli derecede düşürmektedir. Ayrıca, entomopatojen funguslar kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleri üzerinde repellent (kaçırıcı) etkilere de sahiptir. Diğer yandan bu fungusların kitle üretimleri ve preparat haline getirilmeleri diğer birçok biyolojik etmene göre daha kolaydır. Halen bazı zararlı böceklerin biyolojik mücadelesi için ruhsat almış entomopatojen fungus preparatları piyasada mevcuttur. Ayrıca doğal koşullar altında yapılan çalışmalarda kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleri üzerinde etkili olan entomopatojen funguslara sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada entomopatojen fungusların kabuk ve ambrosya böcekleriyle biyolojik mücadelede alternatif olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelleri değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyolojik mücadele, entomopatojen funguslar, Scolytinae

The use of entomopathogenic fungi as alternative control against bark and ambrosia beetles

Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are serious pest group to forest and fruit trees in many countries across the world. Because they spend the most of their life inside the trees and only adults leave the trees for certain time of periods, the trees are infested by more than one species very often and adult emergence prevails a long time, chemical control of the beetles is very difficult and more than one application is needed. On the other hand, because of well-known negatives in chemical control, alternative pest control approaches are needed. From this perspective, entomopathogenic fungi may be highly suitable biological control agents for pests living inside of trees, such as bark and ambrosia beetles. The entomopathogenic fungi not only cause mortality of the beetles but also they may decrease the beetle population significantly through horizontal and vertical transportation in the galleries. Besides entomopathogenic fungi have repellent effects on bark and ambrosia beetles. On the other hand, mass production and preparation of entomopathogenic fungi is easier than some other biological agents. Currently, there are many commercial preparations registered for many insect pests in the market. Furthermore, entomopathogen fungi on bark and ambrosia beetles are observed very often in natural field conditions. In this review, the potential value of entomopathogenic fungi in the biological control of bark and ambrosia beetles has been discussed.

Keywords:

Biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, Scolytinae,

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