STIRPAT Modeli Özelinde Gelir Yoğunlaşması Ve Çevre Kirliliği İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: BRICS Ülkeleri Örneklemi

Ülkelerarası artan ekonomik ilişkilerle birlikte küreselleşmenin etkisiyle artan ekonomik aktivitenin çevreye olan etkisi en çok tartışılan konulardan biri olmuştur. Bu bağlamda literatürde çevreye olumlu ve olumsuz etkisi olan birçok değişken kullanılarak analizler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada BRICS ülke örneklemi kullanılarak gelir eşitsizliğinin çevre üzerindeki etkisi kişi başına gelir, nüfus ve kentleşme kontrol değişkenleri kullanılarak incelenmektedir. STIRPAT modeli baz alınarak yaptığımız analizlerde, yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve homojenlik testlerinin ardından elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında ikinci nesil birim kök, panel eşbütünleşme ve uzun dönem katsayı tahmincisi testleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen panel eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre değişkenler uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiklerinde dolayı eşbütünleşme ilişkisine ulaşılmıştır. Ardından yapılan uzun dönem katsayı tahminci sonuçlarına göre ise panel genelinde gelir eşitsizliği ve kişi başına gelir değişkenlerinin uzun dönemde CO2 emisyonunu artırdığı sonucuna varılırken, nüfus değişkeninin CO2 emisyonunu azalttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Panel geneli için kentleşme değişkeni ve çevre arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Ülkeler tek tek ele alındığında ise gelir eşitsizliğinin Hindistan’da CO2 emisyonunu artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gelir Eşitsizliği, STIRPAT Modeli, CO2 Emisyonu, Panel Data Analizi, BRICS

Examining The Relationship Between Income Concentration And Environmental Pollution In The Context Of The STIRPAT Model: The BRICS Countries

The impact of rising economic activity, which increases with international economic relations and globalization, on environmental degradation has been subjected to many studies in the literature. Consequently, numerous factors that have both positive and negative impacts on the environment are included in a number of research. Using a sample of BRICS nations and controlling factors for income, population, and urbanization, our study examines the impact of economic disparity on the environment. In our study using the STIRPAT model, second-generation unit root, panel cointegration, and long-run coefficient tests were applied in light of the findings from the cross-sectional dependency and homogeneity tests. The variables behave jointly over the long term, which indicates that there is a cointegration link between the variables, according to the findings of the panel cointegration test that was conducted. Long-term coefficient estimate throughout the panel’s data reveals that while CO2 emissions are increased by income disparity and per capita income, they are decreased by population. No significant relationship was found for the whole panelbetween the urbanization variable and the environment. When individual nations are taken into account, it is determined that India's income disparity causes a rise in CO2 emissions.

Keywords:

Income Inequality, STIRPAT Model, CO2 Emissions, Panel Data Analysis, BRICS,

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