Avrupa’da ağ tipi havayolu ve bölgesel havayolu işletmeleri arasındaki dış kaynak kullanım ilişkisinin hat özellikleri temelinde incelenmesi

1980’li yıllarda yaşanan serbestleşme ile Avrupa’da düşük maliyetli iş modeli giderek yaygınlaşmış, bu durum bölgesel havayolu işletmeleri için riskleri artırmıştır. Topla & dağıt modeli uygulaması arttıkça bölgesel havayolları, ağ tipi havayolu işletmelerinin stratejik ortağı haline gelmişlerdir. Bu araştırmada, Avrupa’daki ağ tipi havayolu ile bölgesel havayolu ilişkisiLufthansa Havayolları (LH)’nın faaliyet gösterdiği bölgesel hatlar üzerinden tanımlanmıştır. İlk aşamada bölgesel havayolu işletmelerinin ağ tipi işletmelerle birlikte yaptıkları operasyon şekilleri ortaya konulmuştur. Sonrasında ise hatların özelliklerine göre ağ tipi havayolu işletmelerinin grup içinden ve grup dışından bölgesel havayolu işletmelerini nasıl kullandıkları araştırılmıştır. Buna göre, LH’nin bölgesel hatları kapsamındaki kalkış havalimanları ve varış havalimanlarının bağlantı değerleri arasında negatif ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. LH grubundan ve dışarıdan bölgesel havayolu işletmelerinin kullandığı hatlar arasında fark olup olmadığı varyans analizi ile incelenmiştir. Tek yönlü varyans analizi, bölgesel hatlarda grup içinden ve dışından işletme seçiminin havalimanlarının bağlantı özelliklerine göre değiştiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bölgesel kapsamda LH’nin grup dışından havayolu işletmelerini tercih ettiği hatların daha çok düşük bağlantı değerine sahip kalkış-varış havalimanlarını içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek bağlantı değerlerine sahip havalimanlarını içeren hatlarda LH’nin kendi grubu içerisindeki havayolu işletmelerini kullandığı, düşük bağlantı değerine sahip hatlarda ise dış kaynak kullanımını tercih ettiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Havayolu rekabet stratejileri, bölgesel havayou işletmeleri, , havayolu hat yapıları

An investigation of outsourcing relationship between network type and regional airlines on the basis of line features

By the liberalization in the 1980s, the low-cost business model became effective in Europe, which increased the risks for regional airline companies. As the use of the hub & spoke model become more common, regional airlines began to be strategic partners of network-type airlines more frequently. In this research, the relationships between the network type airlines and the regional airlines are defined by examining the regional routes on which Lufthansa Airlines (LH) operates. At first, the types of operations that regional airlines proceed with network-type airlines are classified. Later on, the use of regional airlines from within and outside the group, according to the characteristics of the routes is investigated. Accordingly, It has been determined that there is a negative relationship between departure and arrival airports within the regional routes of LH. Differences between routes depending on the use of in-group or out-group regional airlines were analyzed by analysis of variance. One-way analysis of variance revealed that the choice of operators within and outside the group on regional routes varies according to the connection characteristics of the airports. In the regional context, LH prefers regional airlines from outside the group in routes that include low connection value of departure-arrival airports. It has been observed that LH uses regional airlines within its own group on routes containing airports with high connection values and prefers outsourcing on routes with low connection values.

Keywords:

Regional airline Airline competition strategy, Airline business models, Airline line structures, Airport connectivity.,

PDF

___

ACI Europe. (2018). Airport Industry Connectivity Report. Londra: ACI.
Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., & Barnhart, C. (2009). The Global Airline Industry. Wiltshire: John Wiley & Sons.
Bilotkach, V., & Fageda, X. F.-F. (2010). Bilotkach, V., Fageda,Scheduled service versus personal transportation: the role of distance.
Bilotkach, V., Fageda, X., Flores-Fillol, R., 2010, “Scheduled service versRegional Science and Urban Economics, 40(1), 60-72.
Borenstein, S. (1992). The Evolution of U.S. Airline Competition. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 6(2), 45-73.
CAPA-Centre for Aviation. (2018, 05 29). Can LCCs and regional airlines co-exist? In Europe it seems so. CAPA: https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/can-lccs-and-regional-airlines-co-exist-in-europe-it-seems-so-409314 adresinden alınmıştır
Dennis, N., Smyth, A., & Stevens, K. (2008). Comparative Analysis of Regional Airline Industry in Europe and North America and Some Insight into Current Developments. Transportation Research Board, 2052(1), 118-125.
Denton, N., & Dennis, N. (2000). Airline franchising in Europe: benefits and disbenefits to airlines and consumers. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6(4), 179-190.
European Commission. (2007, 06 27). Mergers: Commission's prohibition of Ryanair's proposed acquisition of Aer Lingus – frequently asked questions. 07 16, 2018 tarihinde EU, Press Relase Database: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-07-258_en.htm adresinden alındı
Fageda, X., & Flores-Fillolz, R. (2011). Air services on thin routes: Regional versus low-cost airlines. Barcelona: Research Institute of Applied Economics.
Fagedayand, X., & Flores-Fillolz, R. (2011). Air services on thin routes: Regional versus low-cost airlines. Barcelona: Research Institute of Applied Economics.
Flight Global. (2012). Special Report: Regionals 2012. Sutton: Flight Global Insıght.
Forbes, S. J., & Lederman, M. (2007). The Role of Regional Airlines in the U.S. Airline Industry. D. Lee içinde, Advances in Airline Economics (s. 192-208). Cambridge: Elsevier.
Forbes, S. J., & Lederman, M. (2009). Adaptation and Vertical Integration in the Airline Industry. American Economic Review, 99(5), 1831-1849. German Aerospace Center. (2008). Analyses of the European air transport market: Airline Business Models. Köln : DLR.
Gillen, D., Hasheminia, H., & Changmin, J. (2015). Strategic considerations behind the network–regional airline tie ups – A theoretical and empirical study. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 72(C), 93-111.
Graham, B. (1997). Regional airline services in the liberalized European Union single Aviation market. Journal of Air Transport Management, 3(4), 227-238.
Hsu, C.-P., & Flouris, T. (2017). Comparing Global Airline Merger Experiences From a Financial Valuation Perspective: An Empirical Study of Recent European Based Airline Mergers. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 41–50.
Kumar, B. (2012). Mergers and Acquisitions in the Airline Industry. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lawton, T. C. (2016). Cleared for Take-Off: Structure and Strategy in the Low Fare Airline Business. NY: Routledge.
Levine, M. (2011). Regulation and the nature of the firm: the case of U.S. regional airlines. Journal of Law and Economics, 54(4), 229–248.
Lufthansa Airlines. (2019). Timetable,07 Oct 2019-26 Oct 2019. Frankfurt: Lufthansa.
McNamara, S. (2017, 06 25). Regional airlines role today and. European Regions Airline Associatiom: http://www.prtl.pl/articleimg/PKL_ERA_SMcNamara_prezentaccja_25.06.2014.pdf adresinden alınmıştır
Pagliari, R. (2005). Developments in the supply of direct international air services from airports in Scotland. Jounal of Air Transport Managament, 11(4), 249-257.
Pender, L. (1999). European aviation: the emergence of franchised airline operations. Tourism Management, 20(5), 565-574.
Robinson, T. (2017, 04 7). Regional repercussions. Royal Aeronautical Societu: https://www.aerosociety.com/news/regional-repercussions; adresinden alınmıştır
Tan, K. M. (2018). Outsourcing and Price Competition: An Empirical Analysis of the Partnerships Between Legacy Carriers and Regional Airlines. Review of Industrial Organization, 53(2), 275–294.
World Trade Organization. (2006). Air Transport and the GATS-Documentation for the First Air Transport Review Under the General Agreement on the Trade 1995-2000 in Review. Geneve: WTO.