Polyksena'nın Kurban Edilmesi Mitosu'nun Antik Metinlerde ve Arkeolojik Materyalle Üzerinde Değerlendirilmesi

Troia kralı Priamos ile kraliçe Hekabe'nin kızları olan Polyksena'nın, Troia savaşlarının ardından Akhilleus'un isteği üzerine kurban edildiğini biliyoruz. Bu hazin hikaye, Troia savaşlarını anlatan antik yazarların aktarımlarında, bazı farklı versiyonlarla yerini almıştır. Hikaye ile ilgili erken kaynaklar, Polyksena'nın zorla kurban edildiğini trajik bir dille anlatmaktadır. Geç dönem yazarları ise, Polyksena'nın ölümünü bir aşk hikayesine dönüştürerek, Akhilleus ile evliliği olarak işlemişlerdir. Polyksena ile Akhilleus arasındaki ilişkinin evlilik ve aşk versiyonu, Hellenistik Devire kadaf takip edilebilmektedir. Arkeolojik materyaller üzerindeki Polyksena'nın kurbanı konulu tasvirleri incelediğimizde, vazo ressamlarının antik metinlere sadık kaldıklarını görmekteyiz. Ancak, bu eserler arasında Tyrrhen amphorası, protoattik krater ve Polyksena Lahdi üzerindeki kurban şemasının kaynağı bilinmemektedir. Bu üç eser üzerindeki benzer şemada karşımıza çıkan figürlerin kimliklerini Tyrrhen amphorası aracılığı tespit etmek mümkündür. Ancak, Polyksena'nın kurban edilmesinden bahseden yazarların aktarımlarında bu isimlere rastlanılmamaktadır. Böylece sözü edilen şemanın kaynağını Homeros'un günümüze ulaşamayan kayıp metinlerinde aramak akla yatkın görülmektedir.

It is known that Polyxena, the daughter of Priamos who was the king of Troia and of queen Hecuba, was sacrificed on the command of Achilleus after Troian wars. This pathetic story, with its some different versions, took place in the narrations of antique writers who narrated Troian wars. The early sources about the story tell the forcible sacrifice of Polyxena in a tragic way. On the other hand, the late period writers converted the death of Polyxena into a love story and presented it as the marriage of Polyxena with Achilleus. The marriage and love version of the relationship between Polyxena and Achilleus may be seen until the Hellenistic period. When we examine the descriptions about the sacrifice of Polyxena on archaeological materials, we see that vase painters are loyal to antique texts. However, the source of sacrifice schema isn't known on Tyrrhenian amphora, protoattic crater and Polyxena Sarcophagus among these works. It is possible to determine the identifications of the figures that we see in similar schemas on these three works through Tyrrhenian amphora. Nevertheless, these names aren't seen in the narrations of the writers who told about the sacrifice of Polyxena. Thus it seems conceivable to search for the source of mentioned schema in the lost texts of Homeros.

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