Kitlesel Açık Çevrimiçi Ders Ortamlarında öğrenci katılımı nasıl geliştirilebilir?

Günümüzde artan nüfus, günlük, sosyal, eğitim ve iş yaşamındaki beklenen yeterliklerin değişmesiyle birlikte sürekli eğitim ihtiyacı ve bunun bir sonucu olarak hayat boyu öğrenmenin önemin artması gibi faktörler eğitim ortamlarının çeşitlenmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu artan ihtiyacı karşılamaya dönük özellikle zaman ve mekan konusunda sınırlılıkları bireyler için kitlesel açık çevrimiçi dersler ve uzaktan eğitim ortamları büyük kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Ancak literatürde kitlesel açık çevrimiçi ortamlarda sıklıkla kursu tamamlayamama ve düşük katılım gibi olumsuz durumlar belirtilmiştir. Kitlesel açık çevrimiçi derslerde öğrenci katılımı ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu konuyla ilgili sistematik çalışmaların odak noktası bu gibi ortamlarda öğrenci katılımı önündeki engeller ve karşılaşılan zorluklardır. Bu çalışmada ise odak noktamız öğrenci katılımını etkileyen faktörleri (içsel, dışsal) sistematik bir bakış açısı ile almaktır. Buradan yola çıkarak Web of Science veri tabanında yer alan kitlesel açık çevrimiçi dersler ve öğrenci katılımı başlıklarını içeren 100 çalışma incelenmiştir. Kitlesel açık çevrimiçi ortamlarda öğrenci katılımını etkileyen içsel faktörlerde öne çıkan faktörler motivasyon, öz yeterlik, işbirliği ve sadakattir. Öne çıkan dışsal faktörler ise etkileşim, oyunlaştırma, geribildirim, kurs yapısı ve tasarımıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kitlesel açık çevrimiçi ders, öğrenci katılımı, Katılım, KAÇD

How can student engagement be improved in Massive Open Online Courses?

Today, factors such as the increasing population, the change in expected competencies in daily, social, education, and business life, the need for continuous education, and the increase in the importance of lifelong learning have brought about the diversification of educational environments. Massive open online courses and distance education environments provide great convenience, especially for individuals with limited time and space to meet this increasing need. However, in the literature, negative situations such as the inability to complete the course and low attendance are frequently reported in massive open online settings. There are numerous studies of student engagement in massive open online courses. The focus of systematic studies on this topic is the barriers and challenges to student engagement in such settings. In this study, we focus on the factors (internal and external) affecting student engagement from a systematic perspective. Starting from this, we reviewed 100 studies concentrated on massive open online courses and student engagement in the Web of Science database. The prominent internal factors affecting student engagement in massive open online environments are motivation, self-efficacy, cooperation, and loyalty. The principal external factors are interaction, gamification, feedback, course structure, and design.

Keywords:

Engagement, Student Engagement, MOOCs, Massive Open Online Courses,

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