The Effects of Volatility on Growth and Financial Development Through Capital Market Imperfections

Bu makale, ampirik kanıtların da işaret ettiği şekilde, istikrarsızlığın büyümeyi yavaşlattığını gösteren teorik bir model ortaya koymaktadır. Bu modelde, istikrarsızlık sermaye piyasalarındaki aksaklıklardan kaynaklanan maliyetleri arttırarak finansal aracıların daha yüksek faiz oranları istemelerine sebep olur. Çalışmada, iki tür teknolojinin yer aldığı bir çakışan nesiller modeli kurulmuştur. Daha üretken teknoloji ilk dönemde sabit sermaye yatırımı gerektirir. İlk dönemde sabit sermaye yatırımının gerektirmiş olduğu gelir seviyesinin altında kazancı olan bireyler, daha üretken teknojiye sahip olabilmek için finansal piyasalardan borçlanabilirler. İstikrarsızlıktaki artış borçlanma maliyetlerini yükselterek ilk dönemde gelir seviyesi düşük olan bireylerin daha üretken teknolojiye yatırım yapmalarını daha az çekici hale getirir. Bu sebeple istikrarsızlık, bireylerin daha üretken teknolojiden faydalanmalarını önleyerek büyümeyi azaltır. Bu model aynı zamanda, istikrar ve büyüme arasındaki mekanizmanın yatırımdan geçmedigini gösteren Ramey ve Ramey (1995) çalışmasının toplam faktör verimliliğinin büyüme için üretim faktörleri birikiminden daha önemli bir değişken olduğu yönündeki bulgularını açıklar.

Sermaye Piyasalarındaki Aksaklıklar Yoluyla İstikrarsızlıkların Büyüme ve Finansal Kalkınmaya Etkileri

This paper provides a model to account for the empirical evidence that volatility reduces growth. In the model, greater volatility increases the cost associated with capital market imperfections and induces the financial intermediaries to charge higher interest rates. The model is based on one of overlapping generations with two types of technologies. The more productive technology requires fixed investment in the first period. Individual with income less than the amount of fixed investment may borrow in financial markets to obtain more productive technology. Increase in volatility raises the cost of borrowing and makes it less attractive to invest in more productive technology for individuals whose first period income is below certain income. Hence, volatility reduces growth by deterring people from taking advantage of more productive technology. This model also explains the empirical findings of Ramey and Ramey (1995) that investment is not the channel between volatility and growth by suggesting that total factor productivity rather than total factor accumulation is the key for growth.

___

  • AIZENMAN, J., MARION, N., (1993), “Policy Uncertainty, Persistence and Growth, Review of International Economics”, 1 (2), 145-63. ————(1999), "Volatility and Investment: Interpreting Evidence from Developing Countries", Economica, 66, 157-79.
  • AIZENMAN, J., POWELL, A., (2003), “Volatility and Financial Intermediation” “Volatility and Financial Intermediation”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 2003, 22/5, 657-79.
  • AYSAN, Ahmet F., GAOBO PANG, Marie-Ange Véganzonès-Varoudakis (2006), “Uncertainty, Economic Reforms and Private Investment in the Middle East and North Africa”, Forthcoming in the Applied Economics.
  • AYSAN, Ahmet F. (2006), “The Role of Efficiency of Redistributive Institutions on Redistribution: An Empirical Assessment”, Boğaziçi University Research Papers, ISS/EC 2006-14, Istanbul.
  • BERNANKE, B., and M. GERTLER, (1989), “Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations”, American Economic Review, 79 (1), 14-31.
  • BETANCOURT, R., (1996), “Growth Capabilities and Development: Implications for Transition Processes in Cuba”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 315-31.
  • CANTON, E., (2002), “Business cycles in a two-sector model of endogenous growth Economic Theory”, 19 (3), 477-92.
  • EASTERLY, W, LEVINE, R., (2001), “It's not factor accumulation: Stylized facts and growth models”, World Bank Economic Review, 15 (2), 177-219.
  • EATON, J., GERSOVITZ, M., STIGLITZ, J., (1986), “The Pure Theory of Country Risk, European Economic Review”, 30 (3), 481-513.
  • GRIER, Kevin B. and TULLOCK, Gordon, (1989), "An Empirical Analysis of Cross-National Economic Growth, 1951-1980", Journal of Monetary Economics, 24, 259-76.
  • KORMENDI, Roger and MEGUIRE, Philip (1985), "Macroeconomic Determinants of Growth: Cross-Country Evidence", Journal of Monetary Economics, 16, 141-63.
  • MOBARAK , A., M., (2005), “Democracy, Volatility and Development”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 87 (2), May 2005.
  • PINDYCK, R., and SOLIMANO, A. (1993), “Economic Instability and Aggregate Investment”, NBER Macroeconomics Annual. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • RANCIERE, R., TORNELL, A.and WESTERMANN, F. (2003), “Crises and Growth: A Re-evaluation”, Working Paper, UCLA.
  • RAMEY, G. and RAMEY V., (1995), “Cross-Country Evidence on the Link Between Volatility and Growth”, American Economic Review, 85(5), 1138-51.
  • TOWNSEND, R., (1979), “Optimal Contracts and Competitive Markets with Costly State Verification”, Journal of Economic Theory, 21 (2) 265-93.