Meksika’da tarım politikaları ve kırsal mücadele dinamikleri

Bu çalışma Meksika’da köylülüğün ve küçük üreticiliğin topraktan koparılma sürecini incelemeyi amaçlıyor. Çalışma, 1910 Devrimi’nden itibaren uygulanan tarımsal ve kırsal kalkınma politikalarına ilişkin bir dönemleme yaparken aynı zamanda bu politikaların çiftçi ve köylü mücadele dinamikleri üzerine etkilerini tartışıyor. Bugün kırsal bölgelerde yaşayan hane halkları göçmen havaleleri ve devletin nakit yardımları gibi dışarıdan gelecek gelir kaynaklarına bağımlı hale getirilirken, bu iki kaynağın yerini alması niyetiyle 2000’li yılların ikinci yarısından itibaren uygulanmaya konulan kır-kent projeleriyle birlikte tarımsal emeğin büyük oranda kırsal sınai işçi rezervi haline dönüştürülmesinin olanaklılıkları sınanıyor.

Agricultural policies and dynamics of rural struggle in Mexico

This article aims to investigate agricultural policies and dynamics of rural struggle since the preceding years of 1910 Revolution until the present day in Mexico, a country case where dispossession of small producers and the peasantry has been the most dramatic. It examines the processes in which the agricultural subsidies have decreased since the mid-1960s and have eventually terminated in the 1990s as a result of NAFTA membership. It also analyses rural development policies of the 2000s targeting sustainability and poverty alleviation. The article discusses how rural population has come to a point of losing its food security and sovereignty, and how subsumption of rural labour by capital took place under the conditions where collective will formation for rural struggle could not emerge to replace the corporatist structure which had pigeon-holed the Mexican society into yield-type categories.

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