Göç Fenomeni: Tarihsel Perspektif Bağlamında İlk İnsan Göçleri

Yürüme becerisini geliştiren insanoğlu ulaşım menzilini sürekli artırarak mobilize bir varlığa dönüşmüş ve bu sayede kültürel, ekonomik ve sosyal değişim yayılmış ve farklı toplumlar tarafından geliştirilen ve paylaşılan bir medeniyet birikimi ortaya çıkmıştır. İnsanoğlu, göçmenlerin torunlarıdır. Göç fenomeni, insanlık tarihinin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Göç, tarihi şekillendiren temel unsurlardan birisi olarak tarihte yerini almıştır. Tarih, göç ile başlamış ve göç ile iç içe olma geleneğini sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Tarımın, ticaretin, dinlerin vb. onlarca tarihsel dinamiğin yayılımında göç tetikleyici bir unsur olmuştur. Göç, evrenselliğin yolunu açmıştır. Çalışmamızda pek çok farklı disiplin konusu tarafından araştırılan göç konusunu tarihsel perspektif bağlamında tarih öncesi dönemde yer alan iki temel göç hareketini incelemeye çalıştık. İlk olarak 2 ile 1.5 milyon yıl önce Afrika çıkışlı “Büyük Göç” hareketini ve devamında 100.000 yıl önce Homo sapiens tarafından kuzey bölgelere kadar uzanan göç hareketini inceledik. İncelediğimiz ikinci safha ise MÖ. 12.000’lerde Holosen Çağ’da yaşanan iklimsel değişiklikler sonucu oluşan bir dönemi kapsar. Bu dönem yerleşik, hayat, tarım ve hayvancılık gibi pek çok yeni adımın Mezopotamya’da atıldığı bir dönemdir. Bu göç hareketi “Neolitik Göç” olarak tanımlanmış ve Mezopotamya’da temeli atılan yenilikler batıya taşınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tarih, Göç, Büyük Göç, Neolitik Göç

Migration Phenomenon: Early Human Migrations in A Historical Perspective

Human Beings have developed his walking ability without stopping and increased his access target and converted into a mobile creature. After completing this process, cultural, economic and social transformation was spread across the world and a civilization was emerged that has been improved and shared by various societies. Human beings are descendants from immigrants. The phenomenon of migration is an integral part of human history. Migration has taken its place in history as one of the main elements that shaped the history. History began with migration and still continues its tradition to be associated with migration. Migration has become a triggering device within the spread of numerous dynamics of history such as agriculture, trade and religions and so on. Migration has paved the way for universality. The issue of migration has been studying in various disciplines. In our study, the issue of migration is studied in historical perspective. The two main migration movements in prehistory are analyzed. At first, we mention “Great Migration”, the migration movement, began from Africa 2 & 1.5 million years ago. Following this migration, Homo sapiens migration that began 100,000 years ago towards the northern region is studied. The second phase we examine covers the Holocene Era (12.000 B.C.) in which climate changes were occurred. In this period many new steps were taken in Mesopotamia such as settlement, agriculture and animal husbandry. This migration is named as “Neolithic Migration” and through this movement the innovations were carried to the Western world.

Keywords:

History, Migration, Great Migration, Neolithic Migration,

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