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SODYUM GLUKOZ KO-TRANSPORTER TİP 2 İNHİBİTÖRLERİ: DİYABET TEDAVİSİNDE YENİ SEÇENEK

Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) önemli oranda mortalite ve morbiditiye neden olan kronik ilerleyici bir hastalıktır. Diyabet tedavisinde çok sayıda tedavi seçeneği olmasına rağmen, bireylerin ancak yarısında hedef glukoz değerlerine ulaşılabilmektedir. Antidiyabetik ilaçların bir kısmında yan etki olarak hipoglisemi ve kilo alımı görülmektedir. Bu gibi istenmeyen yan etkilerden dolayı insülinden bağımsız etki edebilecek ve aynı zamanda klasik tedavi yöntemleriyle karşılaştırıldığında tolere edilebilecek yeni ilaçlara ilgi artmaktadır. Sodyum glukoz ko-transporter tip 2 (SGLT2) böbreklerde filtre edilen glukozun çoğunun reabsorbe edilmesinden sorumludur. Başlıcaları dapagliflozin, canagliflozin ve empagliflozin olan SGLT2 inhibitörleri, böbrekte glukoz reabsorbsiyonu azaltarak, idrarla glukoz atılımını artırırlar. Sonuçta, plazma glukoz ve glikolize hemoglobin değerlerinde azalmaya neden olurlar. Ayrıca kilo kaybı ve kan basıncında azalma görülür. Yakın zamanda yapılan çalışmalarda, kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda faydalı etkileri gösterilmiştir. SGLT2 inhibitörleri genelde iyi tolere edilen ve güvenli ilaçlardır. Monoterapi veya diğer oral antidiyabetik ilaçlar ve insülinle kombine kullanılabilirler. SGLT2 inhibitörlerin kullanımı sırasında hipoglisemi gelişme riski düşüktür. İdrarda glukoz atılımın artmasına bağlı olarak, kadınlarda daha fazla olmak üzere, genital mantar enfeksiyonu ile üriner sistem enfeksiyonu görülebilir. Klinik çalışmalarda elde edilen kanıtlar; SGLT2 inhibitörlerinin T2DM için yeni bir seçenek olduğunu göstermektedir.

Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors: New Option in The Treatment of Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Although there are many treatment options for diabetes treatment, but only about half of the individuals can reach the target glucose values. Some of the antidiabetic drugs have side effects like hypoglicemia and weight gain. In some of the antidiabetic drug side effect of hypoglycemia and weight gain is observed. Due to such unwanted side effects; there is a increasing interest in new drugs that act independently of insülin, and also tolerated compared to conventional treatment modalities. The renal sodum glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) is responsible for reabsorption of most of the glucose filtered by the kidney. SGLT2 ihbitors such as dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and empagliflozin, decrease renal glucose reabsorption, enhanced urinary glucose excretion. As a result of these, plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values are decrease. Also reductions in weight and blood pressure have been observed. Recent studies have shown beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated and safety drugs. Used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic and insülin. The risk of developing hypoglycemia is low during use of the SGLT2 inhibitors. Due to increased glucose excretion in the urine, genital fungal infections and urinary tract infections can ocur, especially in women. The evidence obtained in clinical trials; shoved that the SGLT2 inhibitors is a new option for the treatment of T2DM.

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