Maksat JORAYEV, Yelda TÜRKMENOĞLU, Hasan DURSUN, Ozan ÖZKAYA

Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Annelerin Besleme Davranışları ve Kaygı Durum Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, annelerin çocuklarının beslenmesi hakkındaki kaygı durumunu ve beslenme sırasındaki davranış ve tutumlarını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çocuğunda beslenme sorunu olduğunu düşünen, 2-5 yaş arasındaki çocukların anneleri çalışmaya alındı. Demografik özellikler dışında annelere beslenme davranışları hakkında çocuk beslenme anket soruları soruldu. Çocukların ağırlık ve kilo ölçümü yapıldı, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) hesaplandı ve bunların yaş ve cinsiyete göre hazırlanmış persentil (p) değerleriyle anket cevapları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: İki yüz seksen beş çocuğun yaş ortalaması 3,8±1,0 yıl idi ve 127’si kız (%44,6) idi. Çocukların 276’sı (%96,8) ağırlıklarına göre 3-97 p arasında iken 9 (%3,2) çocuk ise >97 p idi. VKİ persentil değerlerine göre 47’sinin (%16,5) aşırı kilolu, 30’unun (%10,5) ise obez olduğu görüldü. Ağırlığa göre 3-97 p arasındaki çocukların annelerinde çocuklarını besleme konusunda gösterdikleri sorumluluklarının derecesinin ortalaması 35 puan, 97 p> olan çocukların annelerinde ise 30 puan olarak bulundu (p=0,010). Sonuç: Çocuğunda beslenme sorunu olduğunu düşünen annelerin çocuklarının %27’sinin normalin üzerinde VKİ persentil değerleri olduğu görülmüştür. Annelerin çocuklarını beslerken olumlu örnek olabilecek davranışları tam olarak bilmedikleri ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu konuda sağlık çalışanlarının anneleri, çocuğun vücut ölçülerini de dikkate alarak beslenme tutum ve davranışları konusunda bilgilendirmeleri önerilmektedir.

An Evaluation of Mothers’ Feeding Attitudes and Anxiety in Preschool Children

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety status as well as behaviors and attitudes of mothers about nutrition of their children. Materials and Methods: Mothers of the children between 2 and 5 years of age, who thought that their children had feeding problems, were enrolled into the study. Beyond demographic characteristics, mothers were asked about their feeding behavior by using a child nutrition questionnaire. Body weight and body length measurements of the children were performed; body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. Percentile (p) values depending on the age and gender were compared with the answers given to the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the two hundred and eighty-five children was 3.8±1.0 years and 127 (44.6%) of them were girls. Two hundred and seventy six (96.8%) children had weight between 3 and 97 p whereas 9 (3.2%) children had body weight above 97 p; 47 (16.5%) children were overweighed and 30 (10.5%) children were obese. The mean responsibility grade of mothers about feeding their children was 35 points for children whose bodyweight were between 3 and 97 p, and 30 points for those with bodyweight above 97 p (p=0.010). Conclusion: It was detected that 27% of the children whose mothers thought that their child had a feeding problem had BMI over normal range. Mothers do not have sufficient information that may constitute positive samples while feeding their children, and they should be informed about feeding attitudes and habits by healthcare professionals by considering body measures of the child.

PDF

___

1. Bruss MB, Morris JR, Dannison LL, Orbe MP, Quitugua JA, Palacios RT. Food, culture, and family: exploring the coordinated management of meaning regarding childhood obesity. Health Commun. 2005;18:155-75.
2. Scaglioni S, Salvioni M, Galimberti C. Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behaviour. Br J Nutr. 2008;99(Suppl 1):S22- 5.
3. Warkentin S, Mais LA, Latorre MDRDO, Carnell S, Taddei JAAC. Parents Matter: Associations of Parental BMI and Feeding Behaviors With Child BMI in Brazilian Preschool and School-Aged Children. Front Nutr. 2018;5:69.
4. Attree P. Low-income mothers, nutrition and health: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Matern Child Nutr. 2005;1:227-40.
5. Kröller K, Warschburger P. Associations between maternal feeding style and food intake of children with a higher risk for overweight. Appetite. 2008;51:166-72.
6. Faith MS, Scanlon KS, Birch LL, Francis LA, Sherry B. Parent-child feeding strategies and their relationships to child eating and weight status. Obes Res. 2004;12:1711-22.
7. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey CN, Sawyer R, Johnson SL. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite. 2001;36:201-10.
8. Baughcum AE, Powers SW, Johnson SB, Chamberlin LA, Deeks CM, Jain A, et al. Maternal feeding practices and beliefs and their relationships to overweight in early childhood. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2001;22:391-408.
9. Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L. Development of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42:963-70.
10. Musher-Eizenman D, Holub S. Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire: validation of a new measure of parental feeding practices. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32:960-72.
11. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO child growth standards: length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: method and development. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
12. Neyzi O, Saka HN, Kurtoğlu S. Anthropometric studies on the Turkish population--a historical review. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013;5:1-12.
13. Ogden CL, Fryar CD, Hales CM, Carroll MD, Aoki Y, Freedman DS. Differences in Obesity Prevalence by Demographics and Urbanization in US Children and Adolescents, 2013-2016. JAMA. 2018;319:2410-8.
14. de Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:1257-64.
15. Ek A, Sorjonen K, Eli K, Lindberg L, Nyman J, Marcus C, et al. Associations between Parental Concerns about Preschoolers’ Weight and Eating and Parental Feeding Practices: Results from Analyses of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, the Child Feeding Questionnaire, and the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0147257.
16. Gupta N, Goel K, Shah P, Misra A. Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocr Rev. 2012;33:48-70.
17. Yabancı N, Şimşek I, İstanbulluoğlu I, Bakır B. Ankara’da bir anaokulunda şişmanlık prevelansı ve etkileyen etmenler. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2009;8:397- 404.
18. Santas F, Santas G. Prevalence of pre-school children for overweight/ obesity in Turkey. World J Pediatr. 2018;14:77-83.
19. Özçetin M, Yılmaz R, Erkorkmaz Ü, Esmeray H. Ebeveyn besleme tarzı anketi geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Ped Arş. 2010;45:124-31.
20. Jansen PW, Roza SJ, Jaddoe VW, Mackenbach JD, Raat H, Hofman A, et al. Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of parents and weight problems in early childhood: results from the population-based Generation R Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:130.
21. Rollins BY, Loken E, Savage JS, Birch LL. Effects of restriction on children’s intake differ by child temperament, food reinforcement, and parent’s chronic use of restriction. Appetite. 2014;73:31-9.
22. Anzman SL, Birch LL. Low inhibitory control and restrictive feeding practices predict weight outcomes. J Pediatr. 2009;155:651-6.
23. Johannsen DL, Johannsen NM, Specker BL. Influence of parents’ eating behaviors and child feeding practices on children’s weight status. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14:431-9.
24. Jeffery AN, Voss LD, Metcalf BS, Alba S, Wilkin TJ. Parents’ awareness of overweight in themselves and their children: cross sectional study within a cohort (EarlyBird 21). BMJ. 2005;330:23-4.
25. Chaimovitz R, Issenman R, Moffat T, Persad R. Body perception: do parents, their children, and their children’s physicians perceive body image differently? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;47:76-80.
26. Campbell MW, Williams J, Hampton A, Wake M. Maternal concern and perceptions of overweight in Australian preschool-aged children. Med J Aust. 2006;184:274-7.
27. Horne PJ, Tapper K, Lowe CF, Hardman CA, Jackson MC, Woolner J. Increasing children’s fruit and vegetable consumption: a peer-modelling and rewardsbased intervention. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:1649-60.
28. Arslan P. Çocukluk ve Adölesan Çağı Şişmanlığın Diyet Tedavisi İlkeleri. The Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003;3(Suppl 2):27-32.
29. Fisher JO, Mitchell DC, Smiciklas-Wright H, Birch LL. Parental influences on young girls’ fruit and vegetable, micronutrient, and fat intakes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:58-64.
30. Bammann K, Gwozdz W, Pischke C, Eiben G, Fernandez-Alvira JM, De Henauw S, et al. The impact of familial, behavioural and psychosocial factors on the SES gradient for childhood overweight in Europe. A longitudinal study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2017;41:54-60.
31. Anderson PM, Butcher KF, Levine PB. Maternal employment and overweight children. J Health Econ. 2003;22:477-504.