Yavuz YAŞAR, YENİMAHALLELİ Gülbiye YAŞAR

Neoliberal küreselleşme ve sosyal politikada dönüşüm

Sosyal politikanın kökenleri kapitalizmin doğuşuna dayanmakla birlikte, kapitalizmin sürekli değişen ve kendini yenileyen yapısı nedeniyle sosyal politika kavramı ve uygulamaları da sürekli bir değişim ve dönüşüm göstermektedir. Bu değişim ve dönüşümlerin, neoliberal küreselleşme döneminde kapitalizmin önceki evrelerine göre çok daha farklı bir yanı olduğu gerçektir. Çalışma, söz konusu değişim ve dönüşümlerin gerisinde yatan ideolojiyi tarihsel ve eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın nihai amacı, gerek uygulanan politikalar ve gerekse kavramsallaştırma bağlamında, neoliberal küreselleşme sürecinin sosyal politika üzerindeki etkisini anlayarak, gelecekte bu konuda yapılacak çalışmalara kavramsal ve yöntemsel bir çerçeve çizmektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada liberalizm; klasik liberalizm, refah liberalizmi ve neoliberalizm olarak üç farklı evreye ayrılarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu farklı üç evrede sosyal politikanın kavramsallaştırılması ve uygulamaları özellikle yoksulluk, sağlık ve emeklilik bağlamında tartışılmakta, neoliberal ideolojinin küresel ölçekte kanıksanması ve kabulünün tarihsel, ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyal nedenleri incelenmektedir. Çalışma, neoliberal ideolojinin sosyal politikanın kuramsallaştırılmasmdan uygulamalarına kadar uzanan dönüşümü tartışmakta, gelecekte sosyal politika alanında yapılacak çalışmalar için gerekli geniş ve eleştirel bakış açısı ile ilgili sonuçlarla neticelenmektedir.

Neoliberal globalisation and transformations in social policy

Although the origins of social policy date back to the genesis of capitalism, conceptualization and implementation of social policy is subject to a constant change in line with ever changing dynamics and accompanying reproduction of capitalism itself. The difference of such changes relative to earlier phases of capitalism can be observed clearly during neoliberal globalisation. The present study aims to demonstrate that by investigating the underlying ideology of the period from a historical and critical perspective in order to build a conceptual and methodological framework for our future studies in the area of social policy. Therefore, the study begins with identifying three major variants of liberal ideology (i.e., classical, welfare, and neoliberal) and discusses different conceptualization and implementation of social policies-particularly poverty, health and health care, and retirement. Having proposed and discussed the economic, political, and social factors that led to global acceptance and internalization of neoliberal ideology from a historical perspective, the study demonstrates how neoliberal ideology radically changed the conceptualization and implementation of social policies. The study ends with some conclusions regarding a necessary and critical perspective for future studies in the area of social policy that is based on the awareness of the role of ideology in general and neoliberal ideology in particular.

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