HATA TÜRÜ VE ETKİLERİ ANALİZİNDE BULANIK SWARA YÖNTEMİNİN KULLANIMI: OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜ ÖRNEĞİ

Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA), işletmelerde oluşabilecek hataların önceden tespit edilerek, önlem alınmasını ve raporlanmasını sağlayan bir tekniktir. HTEA çalışmalarında belirlenen hataların her birine olasılık, şiddet ve tespit edilebilirlik değerleri atanmakta ve bu değerlerin çarpılmasıyla Risk Öncelik Sayısı (RÖS) hesaplanmaktadır. Söz konusu hatalara yönelik önlem alınmasında hesaplanan RÖS değerlerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte olasılık, şiddet ve tespit edilebilirliğe atanan değerlerin dilsel ifadelere karşılık gelen sayısal tablolardan alınması ve her bir risk faktörüne eşit önem verilmesi gibi yönteme dönük bazı zayıflıklar bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda bu zayıflıkların giderilmesinde birçok çalışmalar yapılmış olup, bulanık uzman odaklı yaklaşımlardan yararlanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, otomotiv sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın kalite ekibi ile birlikte seçilen bir ürün kapsamında yapılan HTEA çalışmasında risk faktörlerinin ağırlıklandırılmasında Bulanık SWARA yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre firmanın kalite ekibine yeni yöntemler entegre edilmiş HTEA çalışması ile birlikte, hangi hata nedeni ve türünün öncelikli olarak ele alınması ve çözülmesi gerektiği hakkında bilgilendirme yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA), Bulanık Mantık, Bulanık HTEA, Bulanık SWARA, Bulanık Risk Önceliklendirme

USE OF THE FUZZY SWARA METHOD IN FAILURE MODE EFFECT ANALYSIS: CASE OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a technique that enables the determination of the errors that may occur in the enterprises, taking precautions and reporting them. Probability, severity and detectability values are assigned to each of the errors identified in FMEA studies, and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) is calculated by multiplying these values. The calculated RPN values are used to take precautions against the said errors. However, there are some methodological weaknesses such as taking the values assigned to probability, severity and detectability from numerical tables corresponding to linguistic expressions and giving equal importance to each risk factor. In recent years, fuzzy expert-oriented approaches have begun to be used to overcome these weaknesses. In this study, the Fuzzy SWARA method was used to weight the risk factors in the FMEA study, which was carried out within the scope of a product selected together with the quality team of a company operating in the automotive sector. According to the results obtained, the company's quality team was informed about which error reason and type should be handled and resolved with priority, together with the FMEA study, which integrated new methods.

Keywords:

Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy FMEA, Fuzzy SWARA, Fuzzy Risk Prioritization,

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