BİTKİSEL BOYALAR İLE DOĞAL KUMAŞLARA BASKI UYGULAMASI

Tekstil endüstrisi, kimyasal işlemler nedeniyle, çok fazla kirliliğin oluştuğu sektörlerden biridir. Tekstil sektöründe ekolojik ve sürdürülebilir yaklaşımların gerekliliği sadece sağlığa zararlı kimyasal ürünlerden uzaklaşmak ve doğal malzemelerin proseslere dahil edilmesi değil, aynı zamanda yaşadığımız ortamın gelecek nesillere temiz bırakılmasını da gerektirir. Tarihsel süreçte başlayan doğal boyamacılık, tüketici talepleri nedeniyle, tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Bazı doğal boyarmaddelerin insan sağlığı açısından olumlu sonuçlar verdiği bilinmektedir. Sağlıklı ürünlere olan talep artışı düşünüldüğünde hem endüstriyel alanda hem de tüketiciler için daha zararsız ve güvenli olan doğal boyalar pek çok sorunun çözümü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tekstil ürün çeşitliliğini, ekolojik malzeme ve doğal boya ile artırmak mümkündür. Bu amaçla, tekstilde yoğun olarak kullanılan sentetik boyaların oluşturduğu zararları azaltabilmek için, ekolojik kumaşlar üzerine doğal boya kullanılarak serigrafi baskı ile sürdürülebilir yaklaşımın geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, eko-tekstillerin önemi ve pazarda artan talebi de dikkate alarak, doğal iplikle üretilen kumaşlara, bitkilerden elde edilen doğal boyarmaddelerle baskı yapılmıştır. Bu kumaşların sürtünme haslığı, yıkama ve su haslığı, standart yöntemlerle test edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, her üç bitkisel doğal boyarmaddenin (nar (Punica granatum) kabuğu, soğan (Allium cepa) kabuğu ve palamut meşesinden (Quercus ithaburensis)) selülozik yapıdaki ekolojik kumaşlara uygulanabilirliği ortaya konulmuştur. Haslık bakımından en iyi sonuç, pamuklu kumaş üzerine soğan kabuğundan yapılan baskı ile elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Doğal boyalar, Serigrafi, Çevre dostu, Ekolojik kumaş, Sürdürülebilirlik.

PRINTING APPLICATION ON NATURAL FABRICS WITH HERBAL DYES

The textile industry is one of the sectors where a lot of pollution occurs due to chemical processes. The necessity of ecological and sustainable approaches in the textile sector brings with it the subjects of the avoidance of harmful chemical products and the inclusion of natural materials in the processes, but also issues such as leaving the environment that we live in clean for future generations. Natural dyeing, which started in the historical process, has come to the fore due to consumer demands. It is also known that some natural dyestuffs give positive results in terms of human health. When the increase in demand for healthy products is considered, natural dyes, which are more harmless and safer for both the industrial area and the consumers, appear as the solution to many problems. It is possible to increase some of the textile product diversity by printing natural dyes on ecological materials. Due to the damages caused by synthetic dyes, which are used extensively in the sector, it is aimed to develop a sustainable approach by screen printing with natural dyes on ecological fabrics in our study. In this study, considering the importance of eco-textiles and the increasing demand in the market, fabrics produced with natural yarn were screen-printed with natural dyestuffs obtained from waste plants. All fastness tests of the printed fabrics were evaluated by using standard test methods. As a result of the study, the applicability of all three natural plant dyestuffs (pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel, onion (Allium cepa) peel and acorn oak (Quercus ithaburensis)) to ecological fabrics in cellulosic structures has been proved. The best result in terms of fastness was obtained from the samples that were printed with onion peel on the cotton fabric.

Keywords:

Natural dyes, Screen printing, Environmentally friendly, Sustainable approach, Ecological fabrics.,

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