Mohammed GAD-EL-HAK

2511

Akışkanlar: Mikro-akışkanlar modellemesinin kutsal kasesi

Geleneksel akışkanlar mekaniği, belirli benzerlik parametrelerinin - en önemle Reynolds sayısı - eşlendirilmesi durumunda, sıvı ve gaz akışları arasında bir fark olmadığını söyler. Bu durum, nano ve mikrocihazlardaki akışlar için geçerli olabilir de olmayabilir de. Alışılmış sürekli ortam, Navier-Stokes modellemesi; makrocihazlarda hem su hem de hava akışı için olağan olarak uygulanabilirdir. Hava ve su gibi yaygın akışkanlar için bile, bu modellemenin yeterince küçük ölçeklerde başarısız olacağı açıktır, fakat maddenin iki formu için bu başarısızlığın başlangıcı farklıdır. Aynı zamanda, kaymaz, yarı-dengeli Navier-Stokes sistemi artık uygulanabilir olmadığında ise gazlar ve sıvılar için alternatif modelleme şemaları değişik olmaktadır. Seyreltik gazlar için istatistiksel yöntemler uygulanmaktadır ve Boltzmann denklemi bu tarz yaklaşımların temelidir. Sıvı akışları için, maddenin yoğun doğası, gazların kinetik teorisinin kullanımını olanaksız kılmaktadır ve sayısal olarak kuvvetli olan moleküler dinamik benzetimler kökleri ilk prensiplere dayanan tek alternatiftir. Bu makale, mikroölçeklerde sıvı ve gaz aktarımı arasındaki farkları vurgulayarak yukarıda bahsi geçen konuları ve çok küçük cihazlarda sıvı akışına has fiziksel kavramları tartışmaktadır.

Liquids: The holy grail of microfluidic modeling

Traditional fluid mechanics edifies the indifference between liquid and gas flows as long as certain similarity parameters-most prominently the Reynolds number - are matched. This may or may not be the case for flows in nano- or microdevices. The customary continuum, Navier-Stokes modeling is ordinarily applicable for both air and water flowing in macrodevices. Even for common fluids such as air or water, such modeling is bound to fail at sufficiently small scales, but the onset for such failure is different for the two forms of matter. Moreover, when the no-slip, quasi-equilibrium Navier-Stokes system is no longer applicable, the alternative modeling schemes are different for gases and liquids. For dilute gases, statistical methods are applied and the Boltzmann equation is the cornerstone of such approaches. For liquid flows, the dense nature of the matter precludes the use of the kinetic theory of gases, and numerically intensive molecular dynamics simulations are the only alternative rooted in first principles. The present article discusses the above issues, emphasizing the differences between liquid and gas transport at the microscale and the physical phenomena unıque to liquid flows in minute devices.
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Mühendis ve Makina-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-3402
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1957
  • Yayıncı: TMMOB MAKİNA MÜHENDİSLERİ ODASI
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Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Akışkanlar: Mikro-akışkanlar modellemesinin kutsal kasesi

Mohammed GAD-EL-HAK

Akışkan-mikroelektromekanik sistemler

L.Berrin ERBAY, Levent İNAL, Mehmet Mete ÖZTÜRK

Mikrokanalların üretim metodları

Levent TRABZON