Kamu Diplomasisinin Uygulama Alanı Olarak Sağlık Diplomasisi

Kamu diplomasisi; dış politika hedeflerini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla bir ülkenin yabancı kamuoyunu etkilemeye yönelik kullandığı iletişim yöntemidir. Bir ülkenin imajını olumlu yönde arttırmak, işbirliği ve diyaloğu sağlamak için günümüzde kültür, insani, vatandaş, inanç ve sağlık gibi birçok farklı alanda uygulanmaktadır. Sağlık diplomasisi çok yönlü bir konu olmakla beraber sağlık diplomasisi ve yumuşak güçle bağlantısı bulunmaktadır. Sağlık diplomasisi; sağlık meseleleri ve dış politika arasında arayüz görevi görmektedir. Küresel çapta yayılma tehlikesi barındıran salgın hastalıklar, ilaç patentleri ile ilgili fikri mülkiyet hakları, kalkınma hedefleri, savaşlar ve artan mültecilik sorunu sağlığın dış politikaya eklemlenmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Sağlık ile dış politika arasındaki ilişki dört aşamalı bir modelle açıklanmaktadır. Uluslar bu modelleri, dış politikalarında kullanmaktadır. Kamu diplomasisi projeleri ve yumuşak güç üretmesi nedeniyle sağlık ve dış politika arasındaki ilişki “dış politikanın aracı olarak sağlık modeli” ile açıklanacaktır. Bu doğrultuda ABD ve Çin’in sağlık diplomasisi uygulamalarına yer verilerek Türkiye’ye yönelik bir sağlık diplomasisi modeli önerilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kamu diplomasisi, sağlık diplomasisi, iletişim, yumuşak güç, dış politika, dış politika

Health Diplomacy as an Implemantation Area of Public Diplomacy

As a new sphere of politics, health diplomacy is an implementation area of public diplomacy. The latter is a government-sponsored efforts aimed at communicating with foreign publics in order to attain its foreign politics. Public diplomacy had a quite wide range of implementation areas from culture to humanitarian, civil to belief and health related topics in order to keep a good image, enable cooperation and dialogue. As a versatile subject, health diplomacy is connected with public diplomacy and soft power. Health diplomacy functions as an interface in between health issues and foreign policy. Global epidemics that pose a risk of spread, intellectual property rights in pharmaceutical patents, proprietary rights, development targets, warfare and immigration issues entail that health and foreign politics are interconnected. The relationship between health and foreign policy is explained on a four-step model. Nations make use of this model in their foreign policies practices. The relationship between health and foreign policy will be explained based on a "health model as a means of foreign policy" as it generates health diplomacy projects and soft power. Health diplomacy practices in USA and China will be discussed, and national health diplomacy will be recommended for Turkey.

Keywords:

public diplomacy, health diplomacy, communication, soft power, foreign policy,

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